Federal Republic Essay Example for Free

Federal Republic Essay First , there was a â€Å" Indias Ninth Five-Year Plan† projects generation of 54 million new jobs during the Plan period (1997-2002). But performance has always fallen short of target in the past, and few believe that the current Plan will be able to meet its target. The Indian youth also get problems in finding job: â€Å" If the unemployment rate observed during 1993-94 continues, the number of unemployed youth in terms of usual status was of 6. 2 million in 2001 . † ( Pravin Visaria 2000:n. p. ) Indias labor force is growing at a rate of 2. 5 percent annually, but employment is growing at only 2. 3 per cent. Thus, the country is faced with the challenge of not only absorbing new entrants to the job market (estimated at seven million people every year), but also clearing the backlog. Sixty percent of Indias workforce is self-employed, many of whom remain very poor. Nearly 30 per cent are casual workers (i. e. they work only when they are able to get jobs and remain unpaid for the rest of the days). Only about 10 per cent are regular employees, of which two-fifths are employed by the public sector. Now, the Indian economy starts recovering but the it’s hard to say that unemployment will be eliminated soon. In the table below the expected level of employment till 2012 is given(which is a very low one). Population and Labour Force: 1997 – 2012 (million 1st April) 1997 2002 2007 2012 Population 951. 18 1028. 93 1112. 86 1196. 41 Labor Force 397. 22 449. 62 507. 94 562. 91 The growing unemployment in India caused a lot of trouble what has been worsening the economical situation since 1980s. It produces the hole in the turnover of the goods as people can’t buy the necessary quantity of products not having enough earnings. Political instability in the late 1980s and oil price shocks resulting from the Persian Gulf War (1991) led to an economic crisis in early 1991, but swift reform measures taken by the newly elected government proved highly successful. Inflation declined from 13.1% in 1991 and 1992 to 8. 6% in 1993 and 1994. However, inflation stood at 14% in 1998. So, as we see, such concern as unemployment influences a lot the whole economical picture of the country. Besides, person that is out of working can’t develop himself and that reflects in a considerable way in the demographic structure of the country. All over the world history the notion of unemployment is associated with the crisis in the economy of any country. Biblioghraphy. 1. No author. 2005. Of economies policies http://www.ilo.org

Seven Steps to Project Planning Essay Example for Free

Seven Steps to Project Planning Essay Seven Steps of Project Planning April Willochell Project Management Every project is an opportunity to produce something new, to make a real difference. You can introduce change, increase productivity, enhance capabilities of your company or of a client or build new relationships. Seven steps are essential to success in organizations that simultaneously manage multiple initiatives. Effectiveness begins with good pre-project planning plus an understanding of what a project is and what can be at stake. Consistently following these seven key steps can directly improve a company’s operations, profitability and sanity. The first step is a setting goals phase. â€Å"During this stage the teams responsible for the project are assigned and a brief is provided containing information on what the project hopes to achieve and what approach will be taken to complete various actions required. Additionally, this stage usually leads to the appointed of a project manager and executive in charge who with the help of the team start to plan the next step. † (7 Steps, 2013) In this stage all stakeholders should state their needs and how they would like them to be fulfilled. Ultimately, this is the goal setting phase. The next step would be initiating the process. This means that a team would be assembled and the overall project is outlined to detailed specifications. This includes strategic planning, like how long the project will take, how many steps will take place, and what tools will be needed to execute the project. Deciding how the project will be controlled is the third step. This step is also called directing the project. This means that the organization that is controlling the project is defined. Also, all organizations within the company that will be involved are determined. This part of the planning process will determine who receives reports and makes final decisions in the planning process. â€Å"This step is about developing a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) that identifies the low-level tasks and activities required for doing project work and producing the deliverables. The WBS is a critical piece of the project planning process because it defines how tasks will be structured and what dependencies will be created. It is also used for setting up urations, task assignments, resource requirements, and cost estimates. † (The Planning Process, 2013) The control stage is the fourth stage. â€Å"You must develop a project strategy that follows the mission and outlines the high-level actions for implementing the project objectives. You must develop a project strategy that follows the mission and outlines the high-level actions for implementing the project objectives. â⠂¬  (The Planning Process, 2013) This process will let the team know who will need to sign off for what processes in the project. This stage will also let the team know where potential problems may arise and if they do how they should be dealt with. This stage is very important in the planning process. The fifth stage of project planning is setting up boundaries for each stage of the project. This is basically setting up deadlines for each stage of the project. If a stage is not met, there also needs to be backup plan on how the plan will play out in this event. This stage also determines how each stage will close and the steps following that closing. â€Å"The penultimate stage is the management of product delivery. In this step the project manager works with team managers to ensure that a set of formal requirements are created for every piece of work contained in the project. Essentially if this is done correctly all of the work should be delivered on time and to a suitable standard. † (7 Steps, 2013) This sixth stage is to make sure that all paperwork is in order, the project and its product follow all regulations, and all parts are in working order. This is basically, a quality control stage. The seventh and final stage is the closing stage. This step is the risk management assessment part of the planning process. Project managers and their teams must identify all the risks in their project and discuss the alternatives. The plan will be reviewed, discussed, and any potential changes will be made. Once all seven steps are followed accurately a project plan should be planned perfectly and executed just as well. Resources 7 Steps to Project Planning. Retrieved on January 17, 2013 from http://EzineArticles. com/4767743 The Planning Process. Retrieved on January 18, 2013 from

The Principle Of Duality States Computer Science Essay

The Principle Of Duality States Computer Science Essay To simplify a SOP for a Boolean expression using a K map, first identify all the input combinations that produce an output of logic level 1 and place them in their appropriate K map cell. Consequently, all other cells must contain zero (0). Second, group the adjacent cells that contain 1 in a manner that maximizes the size of the groups but also minimizes the total number of groups. All 1s in the output must be included in a group even if the group is only one cell. Third, as each SOP term represents an AND expression, each (AND) grouping is written with only the input variables that are common to the group. Finally, the simplified expression is formed by ORing each of the (AND) groups. To illustrate let us consider the function X =ABC+ABC+ABC whose truth table and K map are illustrated below: Truth table specifications for a logic function may not to include all possible combinations of the input binary digits for the input variables, yet they may still be complete specifications of the logic function for the prescribed application. In these situations certain input combinations will not occur due to the nature of the application. When the input combinations are irrelevant or cannot occur, the output states are in the Truth table and the K map are filled with an X and are referred to as dont care states. When simplifying K maps with dont care states, the contents of the undefined cells (1 or 0) are chosen according to preference. The aim is to enlarge group sizes thereby eliminating as many input variables from the simplified expression as possible. Only those Xs that assist in simplifying the function should be included in the groupings. No additional Xs should be added that would result in additional terms in the expression. THE TABULATION METHOD The K-map method is convenient as long as the number of variables does not exceed five or six, but when the number increases it becomes difficult to use this method. The tabulation method overcomes this difficulty, besides it is suitable for computer mechanisation. It was first formulated by Quine and later improved by McCluskey. It is also known as the Quine-McCluskey method. The tabular method of simplification consits of two parts: Determination of Prime Implicants. Selection of Essential Prime Implicants. The first part is covered in the software provided, the second part is not. Each minterm and its combined cells are included in the Minterm record, and linked lists techniques are used. Linked lists are the best way to manage unknown amount of data at run time instead of using a large array which is a waste of memory. The record used is: Pminterm = ^Minterm; Minterm = Record Number : Word; {This is to hold the decimal equivalent of the minterm} NumberOfOnes : Byte; {This is to hold the no. of 1s in the field Number} Selected : Boolean; {used as a tick when this term is selected} CellStr : String; { a string to hold all minterms that form a cell with this term } DashPlaceStr : String {a string to hold the place of the dash } Next : Pminterm { a pointer to the next record to form a linked list} End; The software procedure summarise as follows: The user enters the minterms in decimal equivalent. The program sorts minterms in the number of ones included in the binary equivalent (SortMinTerms). Any two minterms that differ from each other by only one variable are combined (done in FirstTabulation procedure), two minterms fit into this category if the number in the lower group is greater than that in the upper one, and the two numbers differ by a power of 2 e.g. ( 2d = 0010b and 10d = 1010b the difference is 8d which is a power of 2). Then the two numbers are copied to the second linked list ( First, Second, Vertex : Pminterm;). This procedure is carried for all the minterms. Matching groups are copied to second linked list while first one deleted. Then a second tabulation is carried in the SecondTabulation procedure, here each cell contained in the CellStr field of the Minterm record are compared together, a matching is found if the numbers in one cell are greater than the other one and they differs by a power of 2 e.g. (0,2 and 8,10 differs by 8 which is a power of two) . This procedure is carried for all the records in the second linked list and matching cells are copied to the first linked list, and any incomparable cells are copied to the Vertex linked list. Then the second linked list is deleted. The step 4 is repeated m 1 time where m is the number of inputs, transferring cells between first and second linked lists. The last linked list and the vertex linked list prime implicants are printed in the ABC equivalent using the WMterm procedure. My program architecture can be used to simplify any number of inputs, but practical limitations are in the Number field in the Minterm record which is a word i.e. 16 bits (16 inputs). Bearing in mind as well the simplified expression is contained in a string which is only 255 characters. Some inputs and corresponding outputs to try on the program: Boolean Expression Simplified Boolean Expression F(A,B,C) = S(0,6,7) ABC + AB F(A,B,C) = S(0,4,6,7) BC + AB + AC F(A,B,C,D,E,F) = S(4,5,6,7,36,37,38,39) BCD F(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H) = S(16,17 up to 31,144,145 up to 159) BCD VARIABLE ENTERED METHOD (VEM) The conventional logic minimization is time consuming easy only for 4-5 variables. It becomes difficult to solve using conventional K-map method when number of variables goes on increasing. In that case Variable Entered Method will be good idea to use. It represents values of functions in terms of its variables called map entered variables. A new method for obtaining a compact subsumptive general solution of a system of Boolean equations is presented. The method relies on the use of the variable-entered Karnaugh map (VEKM) to achieve successive elimination through successive map folding. It is superior in efficiency and simplicity to methods employing Marquand diagrams or Conventional Karnaugh maps; it requires the construction of significantly smaller maps and produces such maps in a minimization-ready form. Moreover, the method is applicable to general Boolean equations and is not restricted to the two-valued case. Combinational Sequential Circuits Combinational logic circuits implement Boolean functions. Boolean functions are mappings of input bitstrings to output bitstrings. These circuits are functions of input only. What does that mean? It means that if you feed in an input to a circuit, say, 000, then look at its output, and discover it is, say, 10, then the output will always be 10 for that circuit, if 000 is the input. 000 is mapped to 10. If that value were not the same every single time, then the output must not completely depend on 000. Something else must be affecting the output. Combinational logic circuits always depend on input. Another way to define something that is a function of input is to imagine that you are only allowed to use input variables xk-1,,x0, i.e. data inputs, cm-1,,c0, i.e., control inputs, to write the function. This function can not depend on global variables or other variables. Like combinational logic circuits, a sequential logic circuit has inputs (labelled with x with subscripts) and outputs (labelled with z with subscripts). Unike combinational logic circuits, a sequential logic circuit uses a clock. Also, there is a box inside the circuit called State. This box contains flip flops. Assume it has k flip flops. The flip flops basically store a k-bit number representing the current state. The output z is computed based on the inputs (x with subscripts) and the state coming out of the state box (q with subscripts). The state may be updated at each positive clock edge. When theres not a positive clock edge, the state remains unchanged. The information needed to update to the state (called the next state) comes from the current state (the current value of q) and the input, which is fed through combinational logic, and fed back into the state box, telling the state box how to update itself. A sequential circuit uses flip flops. Unlike combinational logic, sequential circuits have state, which means basically, sequential circuits have memory. The main difference between sequential circuits and combinational circuits is that sequential circuits compute their output based on input and state, and that the state is updated based on a clock. Combinational logic circuits implement Boolean functions, so they are functions only of their inputs, and are not based on clocks. The S-R Latch A bistable multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the prefix bi in its name. Typically, one state is referred to as set and the other as reset. The simplest bistable device, therefore, is known as a set-reset, or S-R, latch. To create an S-R latch, we can wire two NOR gates in such a way that the output of one feeds back to the input of another, and vice versa, like this: http://sub.allaboutcircuits.com/images/04173.png The Q and not-Q outputs are supposed to be in opposite states. I say supposed to because making both the S and R inputs equal to 1 results in both Q and not-Q being 0. For this reason, having both S and R equal to 1 is called an invalid or illegal state for the S-R multivibrator. Otherwise, making S=1 and R=0 sets the multivibrator so that Q=1 and not-Q=0. Conversely, making R=1 and S=0 resets the multivibrator in the opposite state. When S and R are both equal to 0, the multivibrators outputs latch in their prior states. The Clocked D-Latch Since the enable input on a gated S-R latch provides a way to latch the Q and not-Q outputs without regard to the status of S or R, we can eliminate one of those inputs to create a multivibrator latch circuit with no illegal input states. Such a circuit is called a D latch, and its internal logic looks like this: http://sub.allaboutcircuits.com/images/04181.png Note that the R input has been replaced with the complement (inversion) of the old S input, and the S input has been renamed to D. As with the gated S-R latch, the D latch will not respond to a signal input if the enable input is 0 it simply stays latched in its last state. When the enable input is 1, however, the Q output follows the D input. Since the R input of the S-R circuitry has been done away with, this latch has no invalid or illegal state. Q and not-Q are always opposite of one another. Master-Slave Flip-Flops A master-slave flip-flop is constructed from two seperate flip-flops. One circuit serves as a master and the other as a slave. The logic diagram of an SR flip-flop is shown in figure below. The master flip-flop is enabled on the positive edge of the clock pulse CP and the slave flip-flop is disabled by the inverter. The information at the external R and S inputs is transmitted to the master flip-flop. When the pulse returns to 0, the master flip-flop is disabled and the slave flip-flop is enabled. The slave flip-flop then goes to the same state as the master flip-flop. http://wearcam.org/ece385/lectureflipflops/flipflops/fig9.gif Logic diagram of a master-slave flip-flop The timing relationship is shown in Figure below and is assumed that the flip-flop is in the clear state prior to the occurrence of the clock pulse. The output state of the master-slave flip-flop occurs on the negative transition of the clock pulse. Some master-slave flip-flops change output state on the positive transition of the clock pulse by having an additional inverter between the CP terminal and the input of the master. http://wearcam.org/ece385/lectureflipflops/flipflops/fig10.gif Timing relationship in a master slave flip-flop Edge Triggered Devices Another type of flip-flop that synchronizes the state changes during a clock pulse transition is the edge-triggered flip-flop. When the clock pulse input exceeds a specific threshold level, the inputs are locked out and the flip-flop is not affected by further changes in the inputs until the clock pulse returns to 0 and another pulse occurs. Some edge-triggered flip-flops cause a transition on the positive edge of the clock pulse (positive-edge-triggered), and others on the negative edge of the pulse (negative-edge-triggered). The logic diagram of a D-type positive-edge-triggered flip-flop is shown in figure below: http://wearcam.org/ece385/lectureflipflops/flipflops/fig11.gif D-type positive-edge triggered flip-flop When using different types of flip-flops in the same circuit, one must ensure that all flip-flop outputs make their transitions at the same time, ie., during either the negative edge or the positive edge of the clock pulse.

motivation :: essays research papers

I once had an interesting conversation with the owner/manager of a clothing manufacturing company. He operated a large and successful business, principally supplying uniforms for the corporate market. He was surprised by some of his workers. They worked on a piece work rate (paid per item) and some of the very efficient staff did not produce as much as they were capable of. They worked hard at the start of the pay period, but then they tapered off. He expected them to work hard the whole time, as they were paid by what they produced - the harder they worked, the more they were paid. He expected that the extra money reward would motivate them. Motivation is a complex concept. Remuneration is also complex. Individuals react in different ways to pay schemes. A simple explanation for the clothing worker behaviour is that they did not work just for the money. They enjoyed the working environment and the social interaction it provided. They liked to have work, to be employed, and yes they needed a certain level of income. But once they achieved that, the pressure to work hard was reduced. Given that the actual work task was quite monotonous and repetitious, it was not surprising that they exhibited this behaviour. Drastic work design was required. People think that money is a motivator. It does have an effect, but motivation involves far more. Sales people are the classic example. Most are on performance based schemes. But what is one of the main themes sales and marketing consultants write about? You guessed it - how to motivate your sales team! Consultants would not need to write motivation articles if financial reward alone worked. Equity in compensation practices Positive effects come from good financial and non-financial rewards. It is very important to have a well managed remuneration system in place. Fair and reasonable reward is essential and very important for good morale. I believe strongly in the equity theory of motivation. Simply put, the theory states that people have to believe that their pay is equitable with others. When they compare their salary and benefits with their colleagues and co-workers, they must believe that they are being fairly compensated. If they believe their compensation is not equitable, they become very de-motivated and their work performance suffers. Financial and nonfinancial rewards I subscribe to the theory that states it is the nature of the work that is important.

Understanding the Atkins Diet Essay -- Health Nutrition Diet Exercise

Understanding the Atkins Diet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Atkins diet is strictly regimented with a carbohydrate controlled and protein abundant regime. It is because of the promotion of protein consumption that the Atkins diet represents significant health risks. The diet requires strict adherence to a protein rich plan in order to achieve the desired results. The potential health problems resulting from this diet could be seveer simply because too much protein raises saturated fat levels. Such levels can lead to heart disease, osteoporosis, or kidney disease. The Atkins diet is examined below in relation to these health risks in order to evaluate the damage that it represents.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Atkins diet proceeds in a set of phases. As guidance, the way these phases are presented indicates the potential for unhealthy consequences. The first phase of the Atkins diet allows the dieter to eat three meals a day. The dieter can à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“eat liberally of combinations of fat and protein in the form of poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs and red meat, as well as pure, natural fat in the form of butter, mayonnaise, olive oil, safflower, sunflower and other vegetable oils...à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ (Atkins.com). This is the only place in the diet description where animal protein consumption is addressed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second phase of the diet requires an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“incrementally increasing of the dieterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s carbohydrate intake... and this may be as low as 25 grams or as high as 50 grams if you are exceptionally activeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ (Atkins.com). However, it is still recommended that the dieter keep protein and fat as the mainstay of the nutritional regimen. This statement does not state whether the dieter should, for example, eat extra lean turkey or ... ... tailor his/her diet in order to lose weight while maintaining a healthy level of cholesterol as well as a healthy heart and kidneys. Such guidelines, however, are clearly not within the agenda of an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“all the meat you can eatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ dietary program.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because there are no guidelines for protein in take, the dangers posed by over consumption of protein are ignored by the Atkins diet plan. The requirement encouraging over consumption of meat proteins clearly promotes known health risks. These health risks are widely recognized by the medical community. Avoidance of elevated levels of protein consumption is clearly an important part of a life style that is healthy for the heart, bones, and kidneys. It is more than unfortunate that the Atkins program promotes such a dangerously unbalanced diet. The healthy choice is to avoid the Atkins diet.

Autobiographical Essay Essay

As far back as I can remember no one in my family talked about heritage or when and how we came to America. When I would ask questions the only answers that I ever received were, we are Indian, and that was from my fathers side of the family. My mother’s side of the family however was a different story. I have been told that I am part German and I am going to give as much information that I have of both sides of my Mother and Fathers families. After talking to my mother and learning where my ancestors came from I have a better understanding of my own culture, beliefs and biases. To begin my story I will tell about my 2x grandfather on my Mothers side who according to www.cohrs.de â€Å"came to America from Germany he sailed from Bremen Germany to Galveston Texas on in 1853†. He met and married my 2x great grandmother in 1853 and together they had seven children of whom my great grandfather was one. My great grandfather moved to Arizona where he met and married my great grand mother and they had four Children of whom my grandfather was the youngest. My grandfather met and married my grandmother in 1929, and together they had eight children in which my mother is one of the three youngest. For my grandmother the only information that I have is that she was born in Alabama, and from everything that I have heard from my mother, aunt, and my uncles, my ancestors were hard working people who taught their children good morals and values. They loved all people regardless of their race, religion, or color. However they believed that races did not go outside of their race to marry and have children. They believed that god and family came first and they would help anyone who needed help. This leads me to my ancestors on my father’s side of my family the only information that I have been able to find is, that my grandfather was Native-American his mother, my great grandmother passed away when he was just a baby and family members had to take care of him. He met and married my grandmother and together they had twelve children in which my father is one of the oldest. While I do not have a lot of information about my father’s ancestor I do know that they were and are a very loving hard  working family that put God and family first. However they can be very closed minded when it comes to people of different race, gender, and culture. They can be very opinionated and while they will be nice to all people they are very cautious around people that are not family. I believe that ancestors past and present have help to shape the person that I ma today. I have learned to use my critical thinking to form my own beliefs and I am so proud to be living in America where I can make the right choses for me. I want to be able to give my future student the best education that I can and from what I have learned about my culture I know that I will be able to help my students make the right choses in getting to know all cultures and traditions before making the wrong decisions of treating others badly. References Descendants of Karl August Riefkohl, Retrieved 11-27-13 from, http://www.cohrs.de/gene/riefkohl/pedigrees/5a.html

Associates Capstone Essay

Executive Summary In going through some of things regarding buying the business I think Mike should make sure that the coffee shop is up to code. He should talk to officials about required standards, for running a coffee shop, licenses; the different laws for having the shop in Sunnydale, Illinois, all of will be needed and will help to keep the restaurant running properly inside and out. It is also important that he reviews each file for all employees making sure all documents that are needed for hire are there, reading through and seeing the difference in their duties and the performance prior to him buying the shop and respond accordingly and whatever decisions he makes with each one or if hiring new document all that is done to cover himself within the law. Going through the business files and reading the comments given by customers is important for this will help to give him proper information on what is liked and dislike about the coffee shop and making a plan to change things or get new things to keep them satisfied and coming back, for ex: as accepting credit cards for payments as well as cash. Going more into the business files checking on the finances and accounting is important to be sure all is accounted for, profits are being make and what the next plan would be according to what is found. This will also help in what they are spending for supplies and necessities and where he can save money and use it for other things needed, also go over the income part to see where they can change prices and get better ideas compare the coffee shop to the competitors place and prices. Also make sure all appliances are up to date and properly handle according to code. After reviewing all of these things an going forward making a proper business plan and procedures of moving forward will give Mike a properly ran business with happy customers coming in and employees glad to keep it running and making profits. Regulations In reviewing some of the personnel files on the employees it seems you will have to definitely put together a company/employee/personnel manual. This will help with the government regulations for the State in which the coffee shop is in and it will also spell out what the Company will expect of the employees and what they expect in terms of benefits and other topics related to employment. (The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Starting Your Own Business, page 203). Be sure that when creating this manual you have included all the necessary rules that you want and intend to enforce, (no drinking on the job, no smoking in the workplace, excessive tardiness, or absenteeism, no sexual harassment, no discrimination in the workplace, no stealing and all other rules that will be enforced, then have a meeting with the current employees and any new employee to review before getting started and have them each sign it to keep in their personnel files. This will let them know that you intend to en force these rules and if not followed the consequences could be termination. Management First thing I would do is create a business plan, Mike is considered the Strategic Manager for the coffee shop and he will need to create a plan, organize it, lead it and control the outcome of all that will happen within the business. He will need to focus on the long term goals of the shop and once he has these can move forward in communicating with the employees. He will then need to meet with each of the employees individually to go over their files, be sure to update them with all proper paperwork and they are legal to work. When discussing things with them do not bring up personal topics: marital status, race, religion, etc. for this would be a violation and is not permitted during any type of interview or meeting with an existing employee or new employee. You can let them know the good things about working for you at the shop and even some things that are not so good, make sure the employee knows what work they will be doing and agrees to it and they will be able to perform these duties, you can also see if they have questions regarding the manual and take care of it at that moment have them sign indicating they have read and understand it. I think he should also review the break room and clean it up putting up the proper documents on the board and take down all that unnecessary stuff on it. He needs to have posted the proper documents of the law with minimum wage and health. The only other thing up there could be the schedule and notes of reminders of what needs to be done. He then should take care of the stock room and office to have them both properly cleaned up things in right places. Once all these things have been accomplished it will make for a better organized area and easier for him to control and lead his employees and have a well established running coffee shop. Finance and Accounting Reviewing the finances is important; it seems they have a very high salary expense (for a coffee shop) and supplies expense that needs attending to. This means checking with other suppliers and their prices. As for the salaries we would need to go over everyone’s positions held and the salary they are being paid and make sure it fits with their positions and pay scale. As I continued going through the files I noticed the income tax/employment tax and other forms were still from 2006, need to get all those updated from previous owner or get them taken care of and all financial and payroll taxes to date. Not filing properly for state taxes/employment/unemployment is a violation and subject to penalties. I would also review the loan that was taken out on the freezer and be sure all payments had been made previously on time and see what the payoff is, he may be able to save monies on paying it off then paying the extra interest each month. Once all of these are reviewed and items that need attention either corrected or forms filled out and all things brought to date, Mike will have a better understanding of the numbers and all within in the business to get him started and ready to go. Make the decisions on what actions need to be taken to achieve these goals. This is part of the strategic planning of the long term goals for the company; it covers major portions of the company. Organizing, Joe will have to get organize the departments, get the right people in place, create the proper systems needed to properly run the company, bring together all resources needed to have it run properly. Now he will have to take these and lead his employees under him to want to be there and work and give there all, with motivation and communication. He will maintain good contact with them to give them what they need to keep the company running properly with all he has organized. Proper leading of employees will help to give more of themselves to produce quality work by giving guidance and inspiration to them. Leading takes place in many areas of the business not just from the top, also from teams, divisions and departments. He will also set values and mission with his leading. Now the last part of the management function is controlling, taking all of the planning, organizing and leading and controlling it to keep it functional. All the other functions isn’t the success of the company it is the monitoring the performance and make changes where necessary. He needs to make sure the plans are being used and goals are being met within the company, also needs feedback in all areas so that he can make changes, to processes, procedures where needed. Financial Statements Checking to be sure all the financial statements have been done and balanced is very important. In checking the business files it seems they balanced but not all were completed, this will help to know where the business stands and where changes could be made. There are 4 parts to the financial statements, income statement, balance sheet, cash flows and owner’s equity. I only noticed 2 of the 4 mentioned in the business files each one of these statements has its own meaning that should be understood even if Mike plans to have someone else handle it, income statement will let him know whether or not the business is profitable, it totals the revenue and then subtracts the expenses associated with making that revenue; results being the pretax profit and after taxes are paid net income. These statements can be done monthly, yearly, quarterly or year to date, I think for Mike monthly would be good for it will show how much he has sold and what it cost to create the sales each month. The balance sheet is a snapshot of how things are at a particular moment, shows the amount of assets and liabilities at a particular point and time, where his income statement shows the flow of money in and out of the company in a specific time frame. His cash flow statement could be the most important for it will tell him whether or not he has enough cash to pay the bills. This statement will reflect investments, borrowing, etc. and other balance sheet changes. The key challenge is that he will need to keep more cash coming in than going out especially with just starting out. His owner’s equity will be the portion of the balance sheet which shows what is left over when all liabilities are subtracted from all assets. This is the number he wants to maximize because it can reflect th e book value of his company. Once Mike has reviewed all of these and are updated he will know what changes will need to be made within the coffee shop from many points. Problem Solving Problem solving and decision making are very important factors in every managers or persons within their business, even in the Coffee Shop for Mike. He will have things that happen or a daily basis and even on an hourly basis in which his skills as the owner and manger are in demand. He may at first with many as a reaction to things react against it, which can cause a downward spiral. He may look at the past and use the old way to fix a current problem and that usually doesn’t work. Mike will need to have a planned approach and then execute it. By doing this he will avoid having the same problem over and over again and use doesn’t continually solve a different problem the same way as the other. There are a few approaches he can take, he can define the problem, look at the potential causes, find different ways to solving the problem, choose which solution is best, make the action plan and then monitor and verify the solution. By doing these things it will help to ensure all is working properly as it should after the solution has been decided. Mike can use these basic steps in his new role as Owner/Manager of the Coffee Shop, making this plan to solve a problem and the decision will make for a better team in the Coffee Shop. Reference(s) Management, Bateman and Snell, Chapter 1 and Chapter 4, 2010 http://ezinearticles.com/?Top-Level-of-Management&id=20181389 The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Starting Your Own Business, Fourth Edition by Edward Paulson http://www.brighthub.com/office/project-management/article/87158.aspx