Succubus Revealed Chapter 9

It wasn't until I arrived in Seattle on Sunday evening that the full dreamlike nature of my end of the week in Las Vegas hit me. Being there had felt so . . . common. I guess some portion of that was simply having old companions like Bastien and Luis around. However I'd been agreeably amazed at how effectively I coexisted with my more up to date associates, similar to Phoebe and Matthias. I'd even developed to like Jamie, however I never saw him after that night. In spite of my endeavors to discover him and get some information about Milton, the devil had stayed subtle for the remainder of my outing. Also, the show . . . how had that occurred? I was unable to try and find a strong line of work here in my present old neighborhood, yet hours in the wake of strolling off the plane in a bizarre city, I'd landed what was, from numerous points of view, my fantasy work. When we'd completed our subsequent practice, Matthias was at that point discussing an uncommon part he anticipated making for me, and a few of different artists were so frustrated at me leaving for a month, you'd think we'd known each other for a considerable length of time. It had, despite my hesitations, been an awesome end of the week. Reality set in when I strolled into my apartment suite. Roman was out, with just a note perusing Bowling training tomorrow evening to check his entry. Normally, the felines were as glad to consider me to be consistently. Scratching their heads thusly, I started to consider the coordinations of moving them two with me across state lines. I'd be removing them from Roman, whom they cherished, however there was not something to be accomplished for that. He was unable to accompany us. As a nephilim, he was in consistent peril of being pursued somewhere near different immortals, and it was just Jerome's security that permitted him to have a seminormal life in Seattle. Roman positively wasn't going to surrender that, what's more, Las Vegas was likely the most noticeably awful spot on the planet for him to endeavor to hang out. A container of pink-tipped white roses sat on the kitchen table, filling the air with pleasantness. I opened up the card and read Seth's scribbled composition: Welcome home. I've been tallying the minutes. †S I messaged him that I was back and gotten an answer encouraging me to approach Terry and Andrea's for supper. Subsequent to leaving a note for Roman guaranteeing him I'd be at training, I taking off, my psyche despite everything turning with a greater amount of the outcomes of moving. The apartment suite. I'd need to sell it. Except if I needed to lease it to Roman? Hellfire would almost certainly remunerate any moving expenses, yet it'd be dependent upon me to begin making the real courses of action now for things like movers and so forth. I was acceptable at making arrangements and sorting out things, yet the entirety of my abilities were futile against the one thing I needed to carry with me to Las Vegas the most: Seth. I despite everything had no answer for how to manage him. I was met with the typical overflowing of adoration from his nieces when I showed up, in the nick of time for a riotous family supper. With the extra relatives, they'd surrendered any affectation of eating at the kitchen table and had essentially taken their paper plates and natively constructed pizza off to the family room. The losses of food and furniture were ones Terry and Andrea were since a long time ago used to, however Margaret couldn't concentrate on her supper because of a paranoid fear of continually viewing the young ladies and what she saw as impending tomato-recolored fiasco. I was glad to see Andrea out with the family, which wasn't something that happened regularly of late. She looked drained yet was feeling great, and from the way the young ladies competed for position close to her, it was clear they were charmed to have her moving around as well. â€Å"Seth says you were out of town,† she let me know. â€Å"Anywhere fun?† â€Å"Las Vegas,† I answered. â€Å"Visiting friends.† â€Å"Man,† said Ian. â€Å"I wish I had companions in Las Vegas.† â€Å"I figured it'd be unreasonably business for you,† said Seth, vacant. Ian gulped a nibble of his pizza †it clearly wasn't a veggie lover day †before reacting. â€Å"Only in the event that you remain on the Strip and their overrated lavish lodgings. In the event that you look around in a portion of the off the beaten path places, you could discover some truly cool and dark dives.† It took nine-year-old Kendall to state what all of us were thinking. â€Å"I'd preferably remain in extravagance. For what reason would you need to remain in a jump, Uncle Ian?† â€Å"Because it's nonmainstream,† he advised her. â€Å"Everyone remains at the pleasant places.† â€Å"But I like decent things,† she contended. â€Å"Don't you?† â€Å"Well, yes,† he stated, grimacing. â€Å"But that is not the point †â€Å" â€Å"Then for what reason would you need to remain at awful places?† she squeezed. â€Å"You're excessively youthful to understand,† he said. Seth laughed. â€Å"Actually, I think she comprehends perfectly.† Andrea chose to rest not long after that, yet not before removing a guarantee that somebody convey her treat later on. Subsequent to doing dishes (which was entirely simple with paper plates), our gathering scattered into independent exercises. Kendall, Brandy, Margaret, and Terry fired up a round of Monopoly while Kayla and the twins settled down to watch The Little Mermaid. Ian went along with them, energized for the opportunity to show how the film was a case of free enterprise crushing America. Seth and I nestled into a close by loveseat, apparently to watch the film, yet rather utilized an opportunity to get up to speed. â€Å"How was it, really?† he asked me in a soft tone. â€Å"I've been stressed over you. Was it as awful as you thought?† â€Å"No,† I stated, inclining my head against his chest. â€Å"It was really . . . truly great. Would you trust I have a vocation as of now ? Like . . . one that is not on Hell's payroll.† â€Å"You can't get one of those here,† commented Seth. â€Å"Yeah, the incongruity's not lost on me. I will be a Vegas showgirl, complete with sequins.† Seth trailed his fingers through my hair. â€Å"That's in reality sort of great. What's more, hot. On the off chance that you need to rehearse, I'd gladly give you some useful criticism.† I grinned. â€Å"We'll see.† There was a long delay. â€Å"So . . . it's genuine. This entire thing.† â€Å"Yeah,† I said in a little voice. â€Å"It's real.† I felt him tense and detected the concern emanating off of him. â€Å"It's alright. We'll make sense of this. It's as yet a month away.† â€Å"I know we will,† he said. â€Å"You and I have defeated crazier things than this, right?† â€Å"Crazier doesn't generally mean harder,† I called attention to. â€Å"I mean, when Peter attempted to make a ‘retro flame sconce' out of a Pringles can a month ago, that was quite insane †yet it was likewise entirely simple to manage once we discovered his fire extinguisher.† â€Å"You see?† said Seth. â€Å"This is the thing that I love about you. I don't think about that insane. I think about that normal existence with you, Georgina. You change all the definitions.† He squeezed a kiss to my temple. We fell quiet and viewed the film, however I speculated Seth was giving as meager consideration as I seemed to be. We were both lost in our own considerations, and I didn't generally wake up until I heard Ian telling Morgan, â€Å"I like the first fantasy better. It's quite elective, so you've most likely never known about it.† I looked at the clock and sat up. â€Å"I'm going to go beware of Andrea and check whether she needs her dessert.† Both Margaret and Terry rushed to offer to do it rather, however I waved them off, guaranteeing them I was fine and that they should come back to their game. Andrea was conscious, propped up on pads and perusing a book when I came in with the pie. â€Å"You didn't need to do that,† she let me know. â€Å"You should've asked Terry.† â€Å"He's bustling purchasing and selling property,† I advised her, helping her settle the plate on her lap. â€Å"I couldn't request that he intrude on that. In addition, he does plenty.† â€Å"He does,† she concurred, grinning thoughtfully. â€Å"They all do. Indeed, even you. It's so odd, having others deal with me. I'm excessively used to taking care of everybody else.† I settled down on a seat close to her bed, considering how regularly it must be filled of late. Andrea consistently had somebody looking out for her. â€Å"It's only for a brief period longer,† I said. That got me another grin as she bit a nibble of pie. â€Å"You're very optimistic.† â€Å"Hey, is there any good reason why i shouldn't be? You look extraordinary today.† â€Å"Great ‘ironically,' as Ian would say.† She ran a hand through her limp fair hair. â€Å"But I show improvement over I have for some time. I don't have a clue. It's beguiling, Georgina. There are days I feel certain I've beat each malignant growth cell in my body and others when I can't trust I'm despite everything figuring out how to walk this earth.† â€Å"Andrea †â€Å" â€Å"No, no, it's true.† She delayed for more pie, yet her eyes took on an immense, knowing look that helped me frightfully to remember Carter. â€Å"I've acknowledged it, deal with the way that there's as yet a decent possibility I'll bite the dust. Nobody else has. Nobody else will discuss it. I'm alright with that. In the event that that is the thing that God wills for me, at that point so be it.† I felt a bunch hold in my stomach. I was unable to say much regarding God, yet I'd seen enough of Heaven and Hell to blow up when I heard people acknowledge their destiny as a component of some higher reason. A fraction of the time, it appeared to me the heavenly powers were making up this game as they came. â€Å"I'm not stressed over me,† Andrea proceeded. â€Å"But I am stressed over them.† That quietness blurred, supplanted by genuine human concern, a mother's dread for her youngsters. â€Å"Terry's solid. So brilliantly solid. Be that as it may, this is no picnic for him. He can't do only it, which is the reason I'm so happy Seth's here. I don't have the foggiest idea what we would have managed without him. He's the stone supporting all of us right now.† The nervousness inside me facilitated for a couple of seconds, supplanted by a spreading warmth a

Tesco Financia Statement & Ratio Analysis - Free Solution

Question: Investigate the budgetary exhibition of the two organizations dependent on your figurings, distinguishing and talking about the reasons for computing those proportions and the shortcomings of proportions examination. Answer: Presentation The principle goal of bookkeeping is to give data to the leaders (Peterson Drake and Fabozzi, 2012). Budget report is a composed articulation which is set up to know the working execution, budgetary position, removal of excess and development of transient resources, money position and all out reserve position. Budget report investigation is the assessment of noteworthy money related information with the utilization of a few monetary apparatuses, for example, Ratio examination, Cash Flow explanations, Profit Loss Account and Balance sheet. The primary motivation behind examining money related records is to assess the companys present execution and gauge the future potential and hazard craving of the organization. These announcements creates those data which are important for the association, guarantee the nature of income and aides in doing the SWOT investigation of an organization. In this examination for monetary investigation of two organizations in particular Tesco and Sainsbury(Anon, 2015) are mulled over and their standard of execution are dissected based on three bookkeeping p eriod 2012, 2013 and 2014 (Anon, 2015). Organization foundation Tesco is perhaps the biggest retailer on the planet. It was established by Jack Cohen in the year 1919 from a little market at London. As the time passes this organization develops and today it is working across 12 nations on the planet. They utilize very nearly 530000 individuals and serve a great many client consistently. Their fundamental two rivals on the planet advertise are Wal-Mart and Carrefour. Sainsbury is another prestigious organization in retail division and more established than Tesco organization. It was shaped in 1869 and today it works over very nearly 12000 market and accommodation store. They have utilized right around 161000 people who served for the benefit of the organization. They requested that they offer most ideal assistance to their clients among all the retail parts in a similar classification (Collis, Holt and Hussey, 2012). Money related execution investigation TESCO Sainsbury-A near examination As I have just referenced that for execution examination of a specific firm a few procedures are utilized and proportion investigation is one of the significant variables among those all. So here the investigation is fundamentally done based on Ratios (Campilho and Kamel, 2012): (Collings, 2015). Gainfulness proportions Gainfulness proportions as the name propose are those proportions which are utilized to gauge the benefit of an organization. Benefit implies the arrival accomplished by the endeavors of the executives on the reserve contributed by the proprietors of the business. It is a net aftereffect of huge number of approaches and choices. Long haul productivity is crucial for a companys endurance and advantages got by the investor. There are numerous proportions which can show the benefit yet out of those some principle proportions are Gross benefit proportion, Net Profit Ratio and Operating benefit proportion (Drury, 2012). Net Profit proportion is determined based on net deals income. It speaks to the level of gross benefit earned by an organization on deals. Net benefit implies the benefit earned from direct exchanging exercises. The gross benefit proportion of Tesco for the year 2014 is 4010/63557*100=6.3%, for the year 2013 is 4154/63406*100=6.6% and for the year 2012 is 5261/64539*100=8.2%. A high Gross Profit proportion demonstrates a decent gainfulness. In any case, in Tesco Company is monetary record examination it is discovered that, their Gross Profit proportion in 2013 and 2014 were 6% (approx) contrasted with 8% in 2012. The gross benefit proportion of Sainsbury for the year 2014 is 1387/23494*100=5.9%, for the year 2013 is 1277/23303*100=5.5% and for the year 2012 is 1211/22294*100=5.4%. The decrease in Gross Profit proportion might be because of the less measures of offer in 2014 and higher measure of Cost of deals in 2013 while if there should arise an occurrence of Sainsbury Company, however their Gross Profit proportion is not exactly Tesco yet it is in expanding pattern (Robinson, 2012). Working Profit proportion is another apparatus utilized for productivity assessment. Working benefit implies the benefit which can be gotten from the Gross Profit subsequent to deducting the working cost from the Gross benefit. This methodology is proficient than Gross Profit approach as the investigation depends on increasingly exact financials. The working benefit proportion of Tesco for the year 2014 is 2631/63557*100=4.1%, for the year 2013 is 2382/63406*100=3.8% and for the year 2012 is 3985/64539*100=6.2%. In Tesco, the pattern of the working proportion is in a crisscross way as in 2012 it was 6%, in 2013, it was 3% and in 2014, it was 4%. In general, the proportion is radically diminishes by half (approx) in 2013 and however it has expanded somewhat in 2014 still it isn't a lot of agreeable. The working benefit proportion of Sainsbury for the year 2014 is 1009/23494*100=4.2%, for the year 2013 is 882/23303*100=3.8% and for the year 2012 is 874/22294*100=3.9%. In Sainsbury Company, it keeps up a steady development as this proportion isn't fluctuating broadly. Net Profit proportion is the most precise procedure utilized for benefit investigation as the net benefit is determined subsequent to wiping out every single roundabout cost from working benefit. The net benefit proportion of Tesco for the year 2014 is 970/63557*100=1.53%, for the year 2013 is 24/63406*100=0.04% and for the year 2012 is 2814/64539*100=4.36%.The Net Profit proportion of Tesco shows an intense fall in the year 2013 from 4.36% to 0.04%. In this year the organization needed to modify an enormous measure of misfortune from its suspended tasks which might be one reason of this fall. In 2014, they demonstrated an expanding pattern contrast with earlier year. The net benefit proportion of Tesco for the year 2014 is 970/63557*100=1.53%, for the year 2013 is 24/63406*100=0.04% and for the year 2012 is 2814/64539*100=4.36%.Sainsbury additionally didn't perform quite well yet its condition is better than Tesco. Liquidity proportions Liquidity proportions show the liquidity position of an organization. Liquidity implies the measure of money and money reciprocals the firm has available and the measure of money it can mastermind in a brief timeframe. Liquidity is fundamental for easily directing of business exercises. In the event that the firm has a poor liquidity position it may not ready to make opportune installments to the loan bosses and, as a result won't be in a situation to purchase products and administration further using a credit card. High liquidity can assist with getting a handle on various market openings. The most two significant liquidity proportion is present proportion and speedy proportion (Alan Russell, R. Langemeier and C. Briggeman, 2013); (Collis, Holt and Hussey, 2012). Current proportion is otherwise called the working capital position proportion. It shows whether a companys momentary obligation is fit for taking care of its transient liabilities. Higher the proportion better will be the companys position. The perfect proportion is constantly 2:1 for example for 1-rupee obligation there ought to be rupees two as present resource. The present proportion of Tesco for the year 2014 is 13085/20206=0.65, for the year 2013 is 12465/18703=0.67 and for the year 2012 is 12353/19180=0.64. In Tesco Company, the present proportion isn't at all in a decent situation as in all the 3consequtive years the proportion is underneath 1 for example there are insufficient current resources for pay of the present liabilities. The present proportion of Sainsbury for the year 2014 is 1612/4847=0.33, for the year 2013 is 1677/4667=0.36 and for the year 2012 is 1572/4651=0.34. In Sainsbury Company additionally the proportion is really awful rather it is in decreasing pattern. Brisk proportion is otherwise called the Acid Test Ratio. This proportion further reclassifies the liquidity by estimating the fast resources and speedy liabilities. These proportions avoid those things which are hard to transform into money like stock, prepaid cost. The purpose behind the exclusion of stock from the present resource might be that stock can be esteemed in various manners by various firms. Fast proportion is frequently contrasted and current proportion. On the off chance that the fast proportion is relatively higher it demonstrates the reliance on the stock. The brisk proportion of Tesco for the year 2014 is 9509/20206=0.47, for the year 2013 is 8721/18703=0.47 and for the year 2012 is 8755/19180=0.46. If there should arise an occurrence of this proportion likewise the Tesco Company shows an unacceptable picture as this is additionally beneath 1 it suggests the organization needs more money and money identical to take care of its liabilities. The brisk proportion of Sainsbury for the year 2014 is 1612/4847=0.33, for the year 2013 is 1677/4667=0.36 and for the year 2012 is 1572/4651=0.34. One fascinating thing occurred if there should arise an occurrence of Sainsbury in light of the fact that in Balance sheet the organization doesn't have any stock parity so the brisk proportion is same as its present proportion. Proficiency proportions Every exhibition has some norm and when the presentation goes past the standard it is known to be a productive execution. The productivity proportions are the marker of estimating the efficiencies. Receivable assortment period, stock turnover, intrigue inclusion proportion and so on are the ordinarily utilized productivity pointers (Foroughi, 2012). Resource turnover proportion is demonstrating the accessibility of absolute resources based on deals income earned. It additionally uncovers the degree of use of the complete resource into the business. The proportion demonstrates the proficiency of the administration in operational exercises. Higher the proportion better will be the position. The advantage turnover proportion of Tesco for the year 2014 is 50164/63557=1.27, for the year 2013 is 50129/63406=1.26 and for the year 2012 is 50781/64539=1.27. Tesco Company have practically stale turnover proportion among the three time frames. The proportion over 1 shows that the organization can win more than rupee 1 by its business income in the wake of using rupee 1 as resource. The benefit turnover proportion of Sainsbury for the year 2014 is 10485/23949=2.28, for the year 2013 is 10441/23303=2.23 and for the year 2012 is 10342/22294=2.16.The Asset Turnover Rat

20 Must-Read Short Story Collections by Women in Translation

20 Must-Read Short Story Collections by Women in Translation While looking back at my reading over the last few years, I noticed that many of my favorite books have been short story collections by women in translation. This came as a surprise to me initiallyâ€"I hadn’t realized I had even read that many short story collectionsâ€"but once I began to look these books over again I was struck anew by their brilliance. And so I sought out others to round out a list from around the world that will hopefully bring as much joy to you as the reading and compiling did for me. Because boy was compiling this list of 20 must-read short story collections by women in translation a pleasure! I dipped in and out of these stories with utter amazement, finding something for every mood, whim, and desire. Do you want to laugh? Maybe pick up  An Elderly Lady Is Up to No Good or The First Prehistoric Serial Killer. Is it October and you want to be utterly terrified and not sleep for days? There are so many options, from Revenge to Flowers of Mold to The Houseguest. Do you want to read a story so achingly perfect that youll never try to write again? Well, there are more than a few stories like that in these collections, but I would start by flipping to almost any story in The Woman Who Borrowed Memories. The list could go on. I wish you many hours of happy reading! 20 Must-Read Short Story Collections by Women in Translation The Houseguest by Amparo Dávila, translated by Audrey Harris and Matthew Gleeson The horrors of The Houseguest are rarely described on the page. They lurk in the margins. They haunt the shadows. And its this thrilling psychological tension that leaves you gasping for air after each story of desire, paranoia, and isolation.  Carmen Maria Machado writes  that Each of these stories is equal parts Hitchcock film and razor blade: austere, immaculately crafted, profoundly unsettling, and capable of cutting you. Amparo Dávila is Kafka by way of Ogawa, Aira by way of Carrington, Cortazár by way of Somers, and I’m so grateful she’s in translation. And do you really need more than that? Thirteen Months of Sunrise by  Rania Mamoun,  translated by Elisabeth Jaquette In this beautiful debut collection, Sudanese author, journalist, and activist Rania Mamoun crafts a complex and moving portrait of contemporary Sudan. Its a uniquely urban collection as Mamoun reflects on the isolation that can come with urban life, but she also depicts powerful stories of human connection and love. Youll feel these stories deeply in Elizabeth Jaquettes thoughtful translation. The First Prehistoric Serial Killer: And Other Stories  by Teresa Solana, translated by Peter Bush I love this short story collection and don’t think it gets nearly the attention it deserves! It is one of the funniest books, especially if you like dark humor. Very odd things happen in Teresa Solana’s stories. Statues decompose and stink out galleries. Two old grandmothers are vengeful killers. The first prehistoric serial killer is afoot, but so is the first detective. The collection also includes an interesting and fun web of stories that explore the darker side of Barcelona. Clever and effortlessly funny, this collection is a gem. Mouthful of Birds: Stories by Samanta Schweblin, translated by Megan McDowell Samanta Schweblin, author of the literary sensation  Fever Dream, returns with her first short story collection translated into English. Like  Fever Dream, I was struck by the elusive, almost unsatisfactory nature of the stories. Some are strikingly short. Others are carefully crafted to confound. All leave you wanting more and thinking about them long after. Strange and fantastic, dark and disturbing, the stories in  Mouthful of Birds  are sure to please fans of Schweblin’s uniquely unsettling style. The Woman Who Borrowed Memories: Selected Stories by Tove Jansson, translated by Thomas Teal and Silvester Mazzarella If youve ever read Tove Janssons classic The Summer Book, a novel that distills the essence of the summerâ€"its sunlight and stormsâ€"into twenty-two crystalline vignettes, then you wont be surprised that Janssons short stories are also exquisite. Dealing with many of the same themes as her longer works, her stories touch on art, nature, isolation and so much moreâ€"the various stages between sunlight and storm, the spectrum of shades between light and dark. In her introduction, Lauren Groff writes, We read Tove Jansson to remember that to be human is dangerous, but also breathtaking, beautiful. Aetherial Worlds: Stories by Tatyana Tolstaya, translated by Anya Migdal This fascinating collection from one of Russias most important contemporary writers transcends ordinary realities into dazzling other worlds of folklore and fantasy,  rendered with the emotional insight of Chekhov, the surreal satire of Gogol, and a unique blend of humor and poetry all her own. Rich and clever,  these stories explore  politics, identity, love, and loss in Tolstayas masterful voice. After finishing it, I rushed out to get her collection of essays  Pushkins Children: Writings on Russia and Russians, translated by Jamey Gambrell. The Complete Stories by Clarice Lispector, translated by Katrina Dodson Gathered from the nine collections published during her lifetime,  The Complete Stories captures Clarice Lispector in all of her “darkness and dazzle.” The stories, written during her adolescence all the way up until her death, are inventive and haunting, often about women at various stages of their lives. Some are more traditional than the novels she’s come to be known for, but as a whole the collection is a great way to “get” (or grasp at, at least) a sense of Lispector and her prose. You can dip in and out of these storiesâ€"86 in the hardcover and 89 in the paperback with three newly discovered storiesâ€"but I would recommend picking them up early in your reading of Lispector. Find your way into the other works of Clarice Lispector with this reading pathways post. The Sea Cloak   Other Stories by  Nayrouz Qarmout, translated by Perween Richards Author, journalist, and women’s rights campaigner Nayrouz Qarmout draws from her own experiences growing up in a Syrian refugee camp as well as her current life in Gaza in this collection of stories that looks at what it means to be a woman in Palestine today. Qarmout thoughtfully weaves together stories of conflict and strife with tales of ordinary life, resulting in a deep and moving collection. The Lonesome Bodybuilder by Yukiko Motoya, translated by Asa Yoneda I loved this collection of quirky and wonderful stories. Winner of the Akutagawa Prize and the Kenzaburo Oe Prize, Motoya is a magicianâ€"she takes mundane, daily life and just twists it into these amazingly strange and fantastic tales. In these stories, a newlywed notices that her husband’s features are sneakily sliding around his face to match hers, umbrellas are more than they seem, women are challenging their boyfriends to duels, and you might want to reconsider dating the girl next door. I’d recommend this collection to fans of Hiromi Kawakami. I Am the Brother of XX by Fleur Jaeggy, translated by Gini Alhadeff Once youve read one book by Fleur Jaeggyâ€"an undeniable master of the short formâ€"you wont want to read much else until youve finished all of her work. In these stories, which are so emblematic of her short, piercing style, Jaeggy writes of madness, obsession, and violence and “contrives to somehow stealthily possess your mind with her champagne gothic worlds [that are] seething with quiet violence. Her prose has been compared to shards of glass and cut gems and while I wont add to the descriptions, I will warn you nowâ€"you wont come away from these stories unscathed. An Elderly Lady Is Up to No Good by Helene Tursten, translated by Marlaine Delargy An Elderly Lady Is Up to No Good  is dark, funny, and oh so satisfying. Maud is an 88-year-old Swede who has no scruples about solving life’s problems with some lowkey murder. I enjoyed this story collection and have since picked up Helene Tursten’s mystery novels, including the Inspector Irene Huss series and the  first installment in her brand new series featuring Detective Inspector Embla Nyström,  Hunting Game.  An Elderly Lady  is also just such a great packageâ€"the title is fun and clever, the needlepoint cover is hilarious, and the small trim size finishes it off perfectly. Things We Lost in the Fire: Stories by Marianna Enríquez, translated by Megan McDowell I was blown away by this collection of dark, macabre short stories set in contemporary Argentina. They are stories of ghosts, disappearances, violence, inequality, and more, and I promise that you will be haunted by them. My favorites were stories of obsession like “The Dirty Kid” in which a young professional woman discovers that a local child has been killed and mutilated, and “The Neighbor’s Courtyard,” a story of an exâ€"social worker who believes her neighbor has a child chained up in the backyard. The collection is reminiscent of Shirley Jackson and I would recommend it to anyone who enjoyed Her Body and Other Parties: Stories  by Carmen Maria Machado. Flowers of Mold Other Stories by Ha Seong-Nan, translated by Janet Hong “If you’re looking for a book that will make you gasp out loud, you’ve found it.” So says  Kirkus Reviews  and dozens of other publications and reviewers who can’t stop talking about  Flowers of Mold, myself included. Unnerving, haunting, captivating, these ten stories follow ordinary characters going about their livesâ€"they have a nightmare, lend their neighbor a spatula, or find out their landlord wants to sell their building. But something disturbing lies just below the surface. One small crack and everything’s unleashed. “The latest in the trend of brilliant female Korean authors to appear in English, Ha cuts like a surgeon, and even the most mundane objects become menacing and unfamiliar under her scalpel.” The Complete Stories of Leonora Carrington by Leonora Carrington, translated by Kathrine Talbot and Anthony Kerrigan For the first time, all of surrealist artist and writer Leonora Carringtons short stories have been collected in one definitive volume, many of which are translated from French and Spanish. The result is a fiercely intelligent and fantastical collection. The stories themselves are pure flights of imagination, ranging from biting satire to the macabre, and even some outrageously comedic tales. A strange and surreal treat! Arid Dreams: Stories  By Duanwad Pimwana, translated by Mui Poopoksakul Duanwad Pimwana, an important literary figure in contemporary Thai literature, hit the U.S. literary scene by storm last April with two new books, both translated by Mui Poopoksakul. Bright, published by Two Lines Press, was the first-ever novel by a Thai woman to appear in translation. And Pimwana made her short story English debut with Arid Dreams, published by Feminist Press. In Arid Dreams,  Pimwana turns her keen eye and sharp wit on modern Thailand, as she explores issues of class and gender in insightful and subtly subversive stories. Revenge: Eleven Dark Tales by Yoko Ogawa, translated by Stephen Snyder I’m in awe of Yoko Ogawaâ€"shes published more than 20 works of fiction and nonfiction and has won every major Japanese literary award. Her range is incredible, from books like this dark collection to her touching novel The Housekeeper and the Professor  and her latest The Memory Police, her take on an  Orwellian novel of state surveillance. Revenge is an intricately interwoven collection of stories about grief, death, and yes, revenge, where each story stands alone but also connects in surprising ways to its fellows. This layered effect coupled with the subtle calm of Ogawas prose makes the disturbing elements of these stories feel even more chilling. Forgotten Journey by Silvina Ocampo, translated by Suzanne Jill Levine and Katie Lateef-Jan Silvina Ocampo is one of our best writers. Her stories have no equal in our literature, wrote Jorge Luis Borges. Now for the first time in English translation, readers can delight in all of the strange brilliance that is Silvina Ocampos first collection of stories, Forgotten Journey. Published alongside her novella The Promise, this collection is primarily concerned with the lives of young women and girls. Often menacing and strange, each story has a thrill to it, a dark joy that keeps you fixed to the collection. In her foreword, Carmen Boullosa writes of the often cited comparison between Ocampo and Julio Cortázar but argues instead that, While in his fabulous stories Cortázar discovered the unreal in everyday life, Silvina enters real, detailed, intimate spaces, which she observes with an eye that is intimate, real and detailed, and yet an eye from another world. Toddler Hunting And Other Stories  by Taeko Kono, translated by Lucy North Kenzaburo Oe calls Taeko Kono “the most carnally direct and the most lucidly intelligent woman writing in Japan” and its hard to disagree after reading the unsettling and striking stories in Toddler Hunting. Pleasure and pain mix in the lives of the women of Taeko Konos stories, as scenes  of sadomasochism and obsession veil her sharp attacks at the ideals of motherhood and femininity. Love in a Fallen City by Eileen Chang, translated by Karen S. Kingsbury Eileen Chang is one of the great writers of twentieth century China, and her first collection in English, Love in a Fallen City, introduced many readers to her incredible short stories. In this collection, written when Chang was still in her 20s, the stories swirl around themes of love, loss, and family, combining an unsettled, probing, utterly contemporary sensibility, keenly alert to sexual politics and psychological ambiguity, with an intense lyricism that echoes the classics of Chinese literature. A Nail, A Rose by Madeleine Bourdouxhe, translated by Faith Evans Neglected for decades, interest in Belgian author Madeleine Bourdouxhes work has seen a resurgence and Im so thrilled to have been introduced to her work through this collection. Praised by Simone de Beauvoir in The Second Sex and close friends with Russian revolutionary writer Victor Serge, Bourdouxhe was a fascinating feminist writer.  Like her critically acclaimed novels Marie and La Femme de Giles, her short stories tell the inner lives of ordinary, primarily working class, women in elegant and vivid prose. And I so appreciated the wealth of detail in translator Faith Evanss introduction. For more great reads by women in translation, check out this list of 50 Must-Read Books by Women in Translation.

Sleep Deprivation Negatively Influences Driving Performance

Road traffic injuries are estimated to be the 5th leading cause of death within the next 15 years, with the current yearly death toll reaching 1.3 million (Gresser, 2014; ASIRT, 2016). The average person is generally awake for around 16 hours a day, however sometimes within busy lives sleep may become a last priority between family and work, and thus extending the period a person is awake (Williamson Feyer, 2000). In this essay, it will be argued that sleep deprivation negatively influences driving performance, as it has been found that driving for long periods of time or after sleep deprivation leads to poor driving performance as levels of alertness are low. Two empirical studies have been chosen to support this argument, by Otmani, Pebayle, Roge, and Muzet (2004) and Williamson and Feyer (2000). The general findings of both studies agreed that performance was impaired in sleep deprived subjects (Williamson et al. 2000; Otmani, Pebayle, Roge, Muzet, 2004). An article by Williams and Feyer (2000), investigated the effects of sleep deprivation and Blood Alcohol Concentrations (BAC) on driving performance. The aim was to compare these two factors to determine the level of sleep deprivation at which showed equivalent driving performance of hazardous BAC (Williamson Feyer, 2000). To do this, two independent variables were manipulated – BAC and sleep deprivation. The levels tested for BAC included, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.075 and 0.1%. For sleep deprivation theShow MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation And Sleep Deficiency1774 Words   |  8 PagesKevin Touch Ms. Acosta-Mata English 4 AP 6 Oct. 2015 Sleep Deprivation: A Bane to Men, Women and Children alike It was 12:30 am in the morning and Israel Joubert and his family was driving home after a family reunion. Joubert had hoped to get to his workplace on time at 8 am in the town of Fort Worth. However in the midst of his driving, Joubert fell asleep at the wheel resulting in a crash of the family’s Chevy Suburban into the rear of a parked 18-wheeler. Although one of his sons and he hadRead MoreA Brief Note On Increased Productivity From The Workplace Essay2039 Words   |  9 Pagesproductivity and alertness. Sleep should be seen as a necessity for everyone, not a luxury. There is a big difference between unexpectedly dozing off in important work environments such as at a patient s bedside, while on a customer service phone call, transporting merchandise and while operating heavy machinery, compared to taking a planned nap in a designated area during a scheduled break. I believe napping in the workplace would increase overall business performance and customer and employee satis factionRead MoreSleep Deprivation And The Sleep1928 Words   |  8 PagesSleep is a basic necessity of everyday life. According to the National Foundation of sleep, a person is required to sleep at least seven to nine hours a day. (citation) As mentioned by Matt T. Bianchi in the book Sleep Deprivation and Disease, â€Å" The normal quantity of sleep depends on the individual and a myriad of other factors such as environment and an individual s waking needs.† (citation) This means that the quantity of sleep that people achieve depends on their body’s needs and functions.Read MoreDr. Robert Vorona, An Associate Professor Of Internal Medicine2002 Words   |  9 PagesThere is no such thing as a sleep deprived horse, bat, whale, or any other mammal for that matter except the human. Humans are the only creature in their mammalian class to prolong other activities at the expense of sleep (National Sleep Foundation 1). The cost of such practices is our own lives and unfor tunately, many do not know it. Study author Dr. Robert Vorona, an associate professor of internal medicine in the Division of Sleep Medicine at Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, VirginiaRead MoreHow Fatigue Affects Your Sleep Habits2954 Words   |  12 Pagesstrong working ability. This topic is really interesting because it is relative to my life. It is interesting to see what researchers have found as a leading result and different ways to improve someone’s sleep habits. It would also be beneficial to take into account how I can improve my sleep habits in order to maintain a healthy working ability. As a working camp counselor myself, it is important for me to stay healthy and get a good night’s rest. Fatigue is when a person has a lack of energyRead MoreEffects of Lack of Sleep to Students of Philippine State College5455 Words   |  22 Pagesâ€Å"Effects of Lack Sleep to the Students of Philippine State College of Aeronautics† Name (Optional):_____________________ Age: __________ Gender: __M __F Civil Status: ____________ Check for the desired answer. | Yes | No | 1. Do you usually sleep late? | | | 2. Do you find it hard to sleep early? | | | 3. Do you feel lazy if you experience lack of sleep? | | | 4. Do you feel short tempered when you experience lack of sleep? | | | 5. Does your lack of sleep affect your study? | |Read MoreEssay on Sleep Deprivation in America2096 Words   |  9 PagesSleep Deprivation in America Research indicates that America’s sleep problems have increased and might be the number one health problem. The average amount of sleep that people get per night can range anywhere from three to twelve hours. According to Dr. David Dinges at the University of Pennsylvania, it is a fact that people who get fewer than six hours of sleep a night do not live as long as people who get seven hours or more. Most people do not realize the importance of sleepRead MoreStudy on Effect of Quality of Sleep and Subjective Sleepiness, Sustained Attention and Subjective Mood.2382 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract The main outcomes of this study were that a significant (p.05) relationship was found between quality of sleep and subjective sleepiness, sustained attention and subjective mood. It was found that the better quality of sleep is obtained, the less subjectively sleepy, higher sustained attention and more positive subjective mood the participant has. The present study was in line with several other studies undertaken, with many of the findings being reflected in both this study and othersRead MoreMarijuana Is The Most Popular Illicit Drug Used Among Our Teenagers Essay1485 Words   |  6 Pagesschool performances and a â€Å"gateway† to other lethal substances. Smoking marijuana increases respiratory diseases, impaired immune function, cognitive problems and motivational impairment. (National Institute on Drug Abuse). It is the leading cause of abnormal cognitive development which persists long after abstinence. Marijuana is the main drug used by children who seek emergency medi cal treatments and screened following an arrest or autopsies (Dennis et at). Marijuana addiction can negatively impactRead MoreThe Sleep Disorders2309 Words   |  10 Pages Sleep disorders are an underestimated public health concern considering that fifty to seventy million Americans are affected. Technological advances in the field of sleep have facilitated various theories to explain the need for and the purpose of sleep. Scientist have uncovered many types of sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy. Sleep disorders affect men ,women, children, the elderly, and the obese in different ways. Factors such as the number of children and the effects

The Role Of Talent Development Programme ( Tdp ) - 1716 Words

DEVELOPING COACHING AND MENTORING Student’s Name The Name of the Class (Course) Professor (Tutor) The Name of the School (University) The City and State where it is located The Date Introduction Developing talents is one of the vital ways of assuring an organization to have leaders it will require for a strong future and easy transition of power. Talent Development Programme (TDP) is a plan that is targeting to improve talents by providing intensive, extra-curricular opportunities for training leadership and problem-solving skills in addressing real world concerns, such as diversity, sustainability, integration or financial regulation (Bailey Morley, 2006, p. 214). TDP activities include seminars by academic or financiers and debates with industrialists or politicians. Students can attend training from a field expert and then organize a follow-up activity. Contemporary companies are turning to mentoring and coaching programs for talent development. These programs tap the value of the internal employee resources in developing other, which saves cost, time, and boosts overall employee satisfaction. Coaching helps an employee to get the best performance from thems elves – the potential that was already there. Mentoring works alongside coaching and it helps to prepare someone moving to a new role, working in a different or new environment, taking on new responsibilities, or building confidence to develop career further. Proposed Talent Development ProgrammeShow MoreRelatedTalent Identification Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pageschance to become great. There are talent identification programs (TIP) which aim to find the future star athletes. Scientists have researched ways to improve such programs and also to introduce new ways of going about recognizing talent. The way most TIP work is that they seek out early adolescent children, some as early as 6, but most between 8-12 years of age (Vaeyens 1368). The factors considered by many TIP programs are: â€Å"height, weight, muscular development, body fat, aerobic capacity, anaerobicRead MoreEmployees Training and Development in Banking Sector12573 Words   |  51 Pages1.Introduction Of Employee Training amp; HR Development You are a DIY person and you want to find out everything about starting and operating a business. There are so many resources out there and you are overwhelmed by the amount of information you need to absorb. Besides, which sources are reliable? After you swim through a sea of â€Å"useful† tips, how do you put them into action? The quality of employees and their development through training and education are major factors in determiningRead MoreMost Basic and Frequently Asked Interview Questions and Answers10148 Words   |  41 Pagesyour college days. 9. Can u explain about Child labour/Corruption/Poverty? 10. Why do you want to leave your current job? 11. Describe the movie you have seen recently. 12. Tell me about a memorable/happiest/saddest day in your life. 13. Who is your role model, and why? 14. What is your favourite colour? Talk about it. 15. What will you do if you are not selected today? 16. What do you consider to be the important element of teamwork? 17. Tell me something about your favourite movie? 18. Who is your

Quality Assurance Question Bank Free Essays

string(86) " all the details of the project and have undergone â€Å"walkthrough† process\." Question bank Q1. Why software needs to be tested? Ans. Every software product needs to be tested since; the development process is unable to produce defect free software. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Assurance Question Bank or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even if the development process is able to produce defect free software, we will not be able to know unless until we test it. Without testing it, we shall not be having enough confidence that it will work. Testing not only identifies and reports defect but also measures the quality of the product, which helps to decide whether to release the product, or not. Q2. What is the reason that Software has Bugs? Ans. Following factors contribute to the presence of bugs in the software applications:- a. Software development tools like visual tools, class libraries, compilers, scripting tools, etc. usually introduce their own bugs in the system. b. To err is human. Likewise programmers do make mistakes while programming c. In fast-changing business environments continuously modified requirements are becoming a fact of life. Such frequent changes requested by the customer leads to errors in the application already nearing completion. Last minute design changes leads to many chaos like redesign of the whole system, rescheduling of engineers, scrapping of the work already completed, fresh requirements of compatible hardware etc d. A quickly written but poorly documented code is bound to have bugs. It becomes difficult to maintain and modify such code that is badly written or poorly documented. – its tough to maintain and modify code that is badly written or poorly documented; the result is bugs. In many organizations management provides no incentive for programmers to document their code or write clear, understandable, maintainable code. In fact, it’s usually the opposite: they get points mostly for quickly turning out code, and there as jobs security if nobody else can understand it (if it was hard to write, it should be hard to read). e. When project deadlines come too close time pressures come, mistakes are bound to come Q3. What is the difference between QA and Testing? Ans. QA stands for â€Å"Quality Assurance†, and focuses on â€Å"Prevention† of defects in the product being developed. It is associated with the â€Å"Process† and activities related to the Process Improvement. Quality Assurance measures the quality of the processes employed to create a quality product. Whereas â€Å"Testing† refers to â€Å"Quality Control†, and focuses on Detection of Defect and removal thereafter. Or Quality Control measures the quality of a product. Q4. What is the difference between Software Testing and Debugging? Ans. Testing is the process of locating or identifying the errors or bugs in a software system. Whereas Debugging is the process of Fixing the identified Bugs. It involves a process of analyzing and rectifying the syntax errors, logic errors and all other types of errors identified during the process of testing. Q5. What is the difference between a Bug and a Defect? Ans. â€Å"Bug† is a problem or an error in the software code, which is found in the application during Testing. Bug is responsible for failure of the application to comply with the desired specifications. Whereas â€Å"Defect† is problem reported by the customer during usage of the software application. Q6. What is the difference between a Bug and an Enhancement? Ans. â€Å"Bug† is a problem or an error in the software code, which is found in the application during Testing. Bug is responsible for failure of the application to comply with the desired specifications. Whereas â€Å"Enhancement† is the additional feature or functionality found and added to the application as desired by the end user / real word customer or tester during the testing process. Q7. What is the difference between Requirements Specifications? Ans. â€Å"Requirements† are statements given by the customer as to what needs to be achieved by the software system. Later on these requirements are converted into specifications which are nothing but feasible or implementable requirements. Whereas â€Å"Specifications† are feasible requirements derived from various statements given by the customer. These are the starting point for the product development team. Q8. What is the difference between Verification and Validation? Ans. â€Å"Verification† involves reviews and meetings to evaluate documents, plans, code, requirements, and specifications to confirm whether items, processes, services, or documents conform to specified requirements or not. This can be done with the help of checklists, issues lists, walkthroughs, and inspection meetings. The purpose f verification is to determine whether the products of a given phase of the software development cycle fulfill the requirements established during the previous phase or not. Whereas â€Å"Validation† is the determination of the correctness of the final program or software product produced from a development project with respect to the user needs and requirements. This involves actual testing of the product and takes place after verifications are completed. â€Å"Software Verification† raises the question, â€Å"Are we building the Product Right? † that is, does the software conform to its specification. Software Validation† raises the question, â€Å"Are we building the Right Product? † that is, the software doing what the user really requires. Q9. What is difference between Waterfall Model and V Model? Ans. â€Å"Waterfall Model† Is a sequential software development model (a process for the creation of software) in which development is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall)through the phases of requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing (validation),integration, and maintenance. To follow the waterfall model, we proceed from one phase to the next in a purely sequential manner. In traditional waterfall model, testing comes at the far end of the development process. Whereas â€Å"V Model† or â€Å"Life Cycle Testing† involves carrying out verification of consistency, completeness and correctness of software at every stage of the development life cycle. It aims at catching the defects as early as possible and thus reduces the cost of fixing them. It involves continuously testing the system during all stages of the development process rather than just limiting testing to the last stage. Q10. What are Baseline Documents? Ans. Baseline documents are the documents, which have been approved by the customer and will not have any more changes. Baseline Documents cover all the details of the project and have undergone â€Å"walkthrough† process. You read "Quality Assurance Question Bank" in category "Essay examples" Once a document is Base-lined it cannot be changed unless there is a change request duly approved by the customer. Service Level Agreement (SLA) Business Requirement Documents (BRD) are the examples of Baseline Documents. Q11. What is Defect Density? Ans. â€Å"Defect Density† Is a software metric defined as: Total number of defects per LOC (lines of code). Alternatively it can be: Total number of defects per Size of the Project. Here the measure of â€Å"Size of the Project† can be number of Function Points, Number of Feature Points, number of Use Cases or KLOC (Kilo Lines of Code) etc. Q12. What is Quality? Ans. Quality software is software that is reasonably bug-free, delivered on time and within budget, meets requirements and expectations and is maintainable. However, quality is a subjective term. Quality depends on who the customer is and their overall influence in the scheme of things. Customers of a software development project include end-users, customer acceptance test engineers, testers, customer contract officers, customer management, the development organization’s management, test engineers, testers, salespeople, software engineers, stockholders and accountants. Each type of customer will have his or her own slant on quality. The accounting department might define quality in terms of profits, while an end- user might define quality as user friendly and bug free. Q13. What is an Inspection? Ans. An inspection is a formal meeting, more formalized than a walkthrough and typically consists of 3-10 people including a moderator, reader (the author of whatever is being reviewed) and a recorder (to make notes in the document). The subject of the inspection is typically a document, such as a requirements document or a test plan. The purpose of an inspection is to find problems and see what is missing, not to fix anything. The result of the meeting is documented in a written report. Attendees should prepare for this type of meeting by reading through the document, before the meeting starts; most problems are found during this preparation. Preparation for inspections is difficult, but is one of the most cost-effective methods of ensuring quality, since bug prevention is more cost effective than bug detection. A14. What is Six Sigma? Ans. â€Å"Six Sigma† means Six Standard Deviations from the mean. It is a methodology aimed to reduce defect levels below 3. 4 Defects Per one Million Opportunities. Six Sigma approach improves the process performance, decreases variation and maintains consistent quality of the process output. This leads to defect reduction and improvement in profits, product quality and customer satisfaction. Q15. What is difference between CMM and CMMI? Ans. â€Å"CMM† means â€Å"Capability Maturity Model† developed by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI). It is a process capability maturity model, which aids in the definition and understanding of an organization’s processes. CMM is intended as a tool for objectively assessing the ability of government contractors’ processes to perform a contracted software project. Whereas â€Å"CMMI† means â€Å"Capability Maturity Model Integration† it has superseded CMM. The old CMM has been renamed to Software Engineering CMM (SE-CMM). Q16. What is Verification? Ans. Verification ensures the product is designed to deliver all functionality to the customer; it typically involves reviews and meetings to evaluate documents, plans, code, requirements and specifications; this can be done with checklists, issues lists, walkthroughs and inspection meetings. Q17. What is Validation? Ans. Validation ensures that functionality, as defined in requirements, is the intended behavior of the product; validation typically involves actual testing and takes place after verifications are completed. Q18. What is a Test Plan? Ans. A software project test plan is a document that describes the objectives, scope, approach and focus of a software testing effort. The process of preparing a test plan is a useful way to think through the efforts needed to validate the acceptability of a software product. The completed document will help people outside the test group understand the why and how of product validation. It should be thorough enough to be useful, but not so thorough that none outside the test group will be able to read it. Q19. What is a Walkthrough? Ans. A walkthrough is an informal meeting for evaluation or informational purposes. A walkthrough is also a process at an abstract level. It’s the process of inspecting software code by following paths through the code (as determined by input conditions and choices made along the way). The purpose of code walkthroughs is to ensure the code fits the purpose. Walkthroughs also offer opportunities to assess an individual’s or team’s competency. Q20. What is Software Life Cycle? Ans. Software life cycle begins when a software product is first conceived and ends when it is no longer in use. It includes phases like initial concept, requirements analysis, functional design, internal design, documentation planning, test planning, coding, document preparation, integration, testing, maintenance, updates, re-testing and phase-ou Q21. What is the Difference between STLC SDLC? Ans. STLC means † Software Testing Life Cycle†. It starts with activities like : 1) Preparation of Requirements Document 2) Preparation of Test Plan 3) Preparation of Test Cases 4) Execution of Test Cases 5) Analysis of Bugs 6) Reporting of Bugs 7) Tracking of Bugs till closure. Whereas SDLC means † Software Development Life Cycle† is a software development process, used by a systems analyst to develop an information system. It starts with activities like : 1) Project Initiation 2) Requirement Gathering and Documenting 3) Designing 4) Coding and Unit Testing 5) Integration Testing 6) System Testing 7) Installation and Acceptance Testing 8) Support or Maintenance Q22. What is the Difference between Project and Product Testing? Ans. If any organization is developing the application according to the client specification then it is called as project. Accordingly its testing is known as â€Å"Project Testing† Whereas If any organization is developing the application and marketing it is called as product. Hence its testing is known as â€Å"Product Testing† Q23. How do you introduce a new software QA process? Ans. It depends on the size of the organization and the risks involved. For large organizations with high-risk projects, a serious management buy-in is required and a formalized QA process is necessary. For medium size organizations with lower risk projects, management and organizational buy-in and a slower, step-by-step process is required. Generally speaking, QA processes should be balanced with productivity, in order to keep any bureaucracy from getting out of hand. For smaller groups or projects, an ad-hoc process is more appropriate. A lot depends on team leads and managers, feedback to developers and good communication is essential among customers, managers, developers, test engineers and testers. Regardless the size of the company, the greatest value for effort is in managing requirement processes, where the goal is requirements that are clear, complete and testable. Q24. What is configuration Management? Ans. Configuration Management (or CM) is the processes of controlling, coordinating and tracking the Standards and procedures for managing changes in an evolving software product. Configuration Testing is the process of checking the operation of the software being tested on various types of hardware. Q25. What is the role of QA in a software producing company? Ans. QA is responsible for managing, implementing, maintaining and continuously improving the Processes in the Company and enable internal projects towards process maturity and facilitate process improvements and innovations in the organization. Tester is responsible for carrying out the testing efforts in the company. In many companies QA person is responsible both the roles of Testing as well as creating and improving the processes. Q26. What is Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)? Ans. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis is a systematic approach to risk identification and analysis of identifying possible modes of failure and attempting to prevent their occurrence. Q27. What is Test Maturity Model or TMM? Ans. Test Maturity Model or TMM is a five level staged framework for test process improvement, related to the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) that describes the key elements of an effective test process. Q28. What is the difference between API ABI? Ans. Application Programming Interface (API) is a formalized set of software calls and routines that can be referenced by an application program in order to access supporting system or network services. Whereas Application Binary Interface (ABI) is a specification defining requirements for portability of applications in binary forms across different system platforms and environments. Q29. What is I V V? Ans. I V V means Independent Verification and Validation. Verification typically involves reviews and meetings to evaluate documents, plans, code, requirements, and specifications. Verification can be done with the help of checklists, issues lists, walkthroughs, and inspection meetings. Whereas Validation typically involves actual testing and takes place after verifications are completed. Q30. What are the benefits of Software Validation? Ans. Software validation is an important tool employed to assure the quality of the software products. Few benefits are as under: 1) It increases the usability and reliability of the device software, resulting in reduced failure rates, less recalls and corrective actions, less liability to device manufacturers. 2) It reduces the long term costs by making it easier and less costly to reliably modify software and revalidate software changes. 3) It helps to reduce the long-term cost of software by reducing the cost of validation for each subsequent release of the software. Q31. What is the role of Design Reviews in Software Development Life Cycle? Ans. Design review is a primary tool for managing and evaluating software development projects. Design reviews allow management to confirm that all goals defined in the software validation plan have been achieved. Formal design reviews are more structured and include participation from others outside the development team. Design reviews are documented, comprehensive, and systematic examinations of a design to evaluate the adequacy of the design requirements, to evaluate the capability of the design to meet these requirements, and to identify problems. Design reviews include examination of development plans, requirements specifications, design specifications, testing plans and procedures, all other documents and activities associated with the project. Q32. What is the need of Software Validation after a change? Ans. When any change even a small one is made to the software, following activities need to be performed: 1) Re-establishment of the validation status of the software. 2) Conducting necessary validation analysis – not for the sake of validation of the individual change, but o to know the effect of the change on the entire software system. ) Conducting suitable level of regression testing to show that unchanged but vulnerable portions of the system have not been adversely affected. Regression testing is meant to provide a confidence that the software has been validated after the change. Q33. How would you convince upper management that company needs a formal QA testing team? How would you explain that Software quality would not improve if the company get rid of QA team? Ans. Developing amazing applications isn’t the same as testing them, ut a experienced QA tester, I would rather have a developers testing application than the testers who can just plainly submit bug reports. QA team needs to build quality into software development life cycle. The bug in software design is 15times cheaper than a bug in code. QA productivity is really hard to measure. If QA team is doing testing right, , everything just happens smoothly, but if testers mess up even a little, everyone knows about it. To be successful, QA team must create test plans, create test harnesses, create test cases and use testing tools. QA should ensure whether the application code is effectively delivering on the business requirements provided. The developers should unit test their own code and deliver ‘perfectly good code’ , while QA testers should deliver ‘code that actually addresses business needs’. For a company that make software applications, a rock-solid QA department is absolutely irreplaceable. Q34. WhatQuality Assurance and Quality Control activities are done differently for COTS / GOTS project than for a traditional custom development project? | Ans. The activities themselves are broadly the same, but with different stakeholders, and different detailed procedures for verification and validation. Often the challenge for SQA is to pin down the ownership of the requirements, which may be represented by a complex debate between marketing departments, technical eggheads, user groups, customer focus groups and other interested parties. | | Q35. What in your opinion is the role of SQA personnel with respect to inspections or testing? | Ans. Formally, the role is to make the inspection process or testing process visible, both to the participants (so they can see what they are achieving, how effective they are being) and to management (so that they can assess progress and risk). In practice, SQA personnel often need to act as facilitators or coaches. They are often regarded (wrongly) as the owners or custodians of the inspection or testing process, or even as the owners/custodians of the whole software process. Part of the training and mentoring for SQA personnel should address the difficult dilemma of how to be adequately engaged in the software process without being landed with the responsibility for it. | | Q36. What are the most likely quality consequences of choosing an inappropriate life cycle model for a software project? | Ans. The most likely consequence is that the project will not deliver anything at all. Not because the lifecycle couldn? t be made to work technically, but because it will fail to contain the political tensions between stakeholders. | | Q37. What in your opinion, are the most important changes that occurred in the role of Software Quality Assurance during the last 5 to 10 years? Ho| Ans. rowing awareness and importance of public domain models such as SEI SW CMM, BOOTSTRAP and SPICE. Changing nature of software development, especially model-based development (CASE) and component-based development (CBD). Growing need to connect software of different ages and sources. Software projects not pure software development, but including maintenance, package selection and implementation, and other software activities. (Perhaps software projects never were pure development, but such topics as project management, quality management and configuration management used to be taught as if they were. )   Faced with these changes, SQA needs to be both reductionist (giving close attention to the quality of components from various sources) and holistic (giving broad attention to the emergent properties of the whole assembled system, in terms of its overall fit to business requirements). As I see it, the mandate of SQA is to make defects in software products and processes visible to management. SQA fits into a context of software quality management where this visibility leads to corrective and preventative action (not itself part of SQA), and to general software process improvement. | Q38. Someone complains that during system testing the application often crashes. What likely process problem does that indicate? | Ans. Systematic failure to carry out proper unit testing. OR inconsistency between the development/unit test environment and the system test environment. AND ALSO management failure to respond promptly to the situation with corrective and preventative action. | | Q39. What exposure have you had to auditing? Internal? External? Certification related? | Ans. I have been trained as a lead assessor for ISO 9000 and also as an examiner for the European Quality Award. I have conducted internal audits and informal external assessments but not formal external audits. I have advised organizations on steps towards certification. | Q40. What in your opinion are the most significant fundamental differences between SEI SW-CMM and ISO 9000-3? | Ans. The main difference is what the two models tell you. ISO 9000-3 gives you a yes/no answer, whereas SEI SW-CMM gives you a more complex assessment. This implies different ways of using the models for SQA and process improvement. | 1. Difference is ISO is a standard and CMMI is a model with framework. 2. Other one is Specific practices should be determinded in ISO and where as CMMI model having predefined useful specific and general practices. | Q41. In your experience, who are the most important allies of SQA within an organization? | Ans. SQA is a form of risk awareness, and is therefore potentially allied to any senior management with a risk management focus. Within some companies/industries (e. g. insurance), software risks are seen as having mainly financial consequences, and so the main ally might be the financial director. Within other companies/industries (e. g. retail), software risks are seen as having mainly customer service implications, and so the main allies may be in marketing roles. In one client, we had useful conversations with the Company Secretariat, because of the due diligence implications of some software risks. These conversations were triggered by Y2K issues, but ranged much more widely. In practice, SQA often fails to make these alliances, because it gets bogged down in obscure software technicalities and trivialities, which it is incapable of communicating effectively even to software engineers, let alone anybody else. | Q42. A company recruits its first and only SQA â€Å"specialist†. The person is new to the area. The company is relatively young, operates in a competitive commercial domain and has no previous SQA presence. The SQA specialist feels he needs to show some results during the next 6 to 9 months. What advice will you give him? | Ans. Start with a risk assessment, to identify the significant software risks and their business implications. Identify managers directly affected by these implications, who may be recruited as allies. Select a small number of issues to address in the initial phase. Try to include some quick wins, as well as some improvements that could be achieved within 3-6 months. Don? t try to do everything at once. At this stage, use whichever model you prefer (ISO 9000-3 or TickIT or SW-CMM or SPICE) merely as a framework, so that you know how what you? re doing fits into a larger picture. | Q43. What advice would you give to someone who asked you where to start to introduce to their company a metrics and quality reporting program? | Ans. Use the GQM approach to derive relevant metrics from personal and corporate goals. Select a small number of key metrics that will be directly relevant to project managers and/or software engineers. Put the metrics into the hands of the workers, as a tool for personal performance improvement. | | | | Q44. What is Total Quality Management? Ans. A company commitment to develop a process that achieves high quality product and customer satisfaction. Q45. What is Quality Circle? Ans. A group of individuals with related interests that meet at regular intervals to consider problems or other matters related to the quality of outputs of a process and to the correction of problems or to the improvement of quality. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | How to cite Quality Assurance Question Bank, Essay examples Quality Assurance Question Bank Free Essays string(86) " all the details of the project and have undergone â€Å"walkthrough† process\." Question bank Q1. Why software needs to be tested? Ans. Every software product needs to be tested since; the development process is unable to produce defect free software. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Assurance Question Bank or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even if the development process is able to produce defect free software, we will not be able to know unless until we test it. Without testing it, we shall not be having enough confidence that it will work. Testing not only identifies and reports defect but also measures the quality of the product, which helps to decide whether to release the product, or not. Q2. What is the reason that Software has Bugs? Ans. Following factors contribute to the presence of bugs in the software applications:- a. Software development tools like visual tools, class libraries, compilers, scripting tools, etc. usually introduce their own bugs in the system. b. To err is human. Likewise programmers do make mistakes while programming c. In fast-changing business environments continuously modified requirements are becoming a fact of life. Such frequent changes requested by the customer leads to errors in the application already nearing completion. Last minute design changes leads to many chaos like redesign of the whole system, rescheduling of engineers, scrapping of the work already completed, fresh requirements of compatible hardware etc d. A quickly written but poorly documented code is bound to have bugs. It becomes difficult to maintain and modify such code that is badly written or poorly documented. – its tough to maintain and modify code that is badly written or poorly documented; the result is bugs. In many organizations management provides no incentive for programmers to document their code or write clear, understandable, maintainable code. In fact, it’s usually the opposite: they get points mostly for quickly turning out code, and there as jobs security if nobody else can understand it (if it was hard to write, it should be hard to read). e. When project deadlines come too close time pressures come, mistakes are bound to come Q3. What is the difference between QA and Testing? Ans. QA stands for â€Å"Quality Assurance†, and focuses on â€Å"Prevention† of defects in the product being developed. It is associated with the â€Å"Process† and activities related to the Process Improvement. Quality Assurance measures the quality of the processes employed to create a quality product. Whereas â€Å"Testing† refers to â€Å"Quality Control†, and focuses on Detection of Defect and removal thereafter. Or Quality Control measures the quality of a product. Q4. What is the difference between Software Testing and Debugging? Ans. Testing is the process of locating or identifying the errors or bugs in a software system. Whereas Debugging is the process of Fixing the identified Bugs. It involves a process of analyzing and rectifying the syntax errors, logic errors and all other types of errors identified during the process of testing. Q5. What is the difference between a Bug and a Defect? Ans. â€Å"Bug† is a problem or an error in the software code, which is found in the application during Testing. Bug is responsible for failure of the application to comply with the desired specifications. Whereas â€Å"Defect† is problem reported by the customer during usage of the software application. Q6. What is the difference between a Bug and an Enhancement? Ans. â€Å"Bug† is a problem or an error in the software code, which is found in the application during Testing. Bug is responsible for failure of the application to comply with the desired specifications. Whereas â€Å"Enhancement† is the additional feature or functionality found and added to the application as desired by the end user / real word customer or tester during the testing process. Q7. What is the difference between Requirements Specifications? Ans. â€Å"Requirements† are statements given by the customer as to what needs to be achieved by the software system. Later on these requirements are converted into specifications which are nothing but feasible or implementable requirements. Whereas â€Å"Specifications† are feasible requirements derived from various statements given by the customer. These are the starting point for the product development team. Q8. What is the difference between Verification and Validation? Ans. â€Å"Verification† involves reviews and meetings to evaluate documents, plans, code, requirements, and specifications to confirm whether items, processes, services, or documents conform to specified requirements or not. This can be done with the help of checklists, issues lists, walkthroughs, and inspection meetings. The purpose f verification is to determine whether the products of a given phase of the software development cycle fulfill the requirements established during the previous phase or not. Whereas â€Å"Validation† is the determination of the correctness of the final program or software product produced from a development project with respect to the user needs and requirements. This involves actual testing of the product and takes place after verifications are completed. â€Å"Software Verification† raises the question, â€Å"Are we building the Product Right? † that is, does the software conform to its specification. Software Validation† raises the question, â€Å"Are we building the Right Product? † that is, the software doing what the user really requires. Q9. What is difference between Waterfall Model and V Model? Ans. â€Å"Waterfall Model† Is a sequential software development model (a process for the creation of software) in which development is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall)through the phases of requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing (validation),integration, and maintenance. To follow the waterfall model, we proceed from one phase to the next in a purely sequential manner. In traditional waterfall model, testing comes at the far end of the development process. Whereas â€Å"V Model† or â€Å"Life Cycle Testing† involves carrying out verification of consistency, completeness and correctness of software at every stage of the development life cycle. It aims at catching the defects as early as possible and thus reduces the cost of fixing them. It involves continuously testing the system during all stages of the development process rather than just limiting testing to the last stage. Q10. What are Baseline Documents? Ans. Baseline documents are the documents, which have been approved by the customer and will not have any more changes. Baseline Documents cover all the details of the project and have undergone â€Å"walkthrough† process. You read "Quality Assurance Question Bank" in category "Papers" Once a document is Base-lined it cannot be changed unless there is a change request duly approved by the customer. Service Level Agreement (SLA) Business Requirement Documents (BRD) are the examples of Baseline Documents. Q11. What is Defect Density? Ans. â€Å"Defect Density† Is a software metric defined as: Total number of defects per LOC (lines of code). Alternatively it can be: Total number of defects per Size of the Project. Here the measure of â€Å"Size of the Project† can be number of Function Points, Number of Feature Points, number of Use Cases or KLOC (Kilo Lines of Code) etc. Q12. What is Quality? Ans. Quality software is software that is reasonably bug-free, delivered on time and within budget, meets requirements and expectations and is maintainable. However, quality is a subjective term. Quality depends on who the customer is and their overall influence in the scheme of things. Customers of a software development project include end-users, customer acceptance test engineers, testers, customer contract officers, customer management, the development organization’s management, test engineers, testers, salespeople, software engineers, stockholders and accountants. Each type of customer will have his or her own slant on quality. The accounting department might define quality in terms of profits, while an end- user might define quality as user friendly and bug free. Q13. What is an Inspection? Ans. An inspection is a formal meeting, more formalized than a walkthrough and typically consists of 3-10 people including a moderator, reader (the author of whatever is being reviewed) and a recorder (to make notes in the document). The subject of the inspection is typically a document, such as a requirements document or a test plan. The purpose of an inspection is to find problems and see what is missing, not to fix anything. The result of the meeting is documented in a written report. Attendees should prepare for this type of meeting by reading through the document, before the meeting starts; most problems are found during this preparation. Preparation for inspections is difficult, but is one of the most cost-effective methods of ensuring quality, since bug prevention is more cost effective than bug detection. A14. What is Six Sigma? Ans. â€Å"Six Sigma† means Six Standard Deviations from the mean. It is a methodology aimed to reduce defect levels below 3. 4 Defects Per one Million Opportunities. Six Sigma approach improves the process performance, decreases variation and maintains consistent quality of the process output. This leads to defect reduction and improvement in profits, product quality and customer satisfaction. Q15. What is difference between CMM and CMMI? Ans. â€Å"CMM† means â€Å"Capability Maturity Model† developed by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI). It is a process capability maturity model, which aids in the definition and understanding of an organization’s processes. CMM is intended as a tool for objectively assessing the ability of government contractors’ processes to perform a contracted software project. Whereas â€Å"CMMI† means â€Å"Capability Maturity Model Integration† it has superseded CMM. The old CMM has been renamed to Software Engineering CMM (SE-CMM). Q16. What is Verification? Ans. Verification ensures the product is designed to deliver all functionality to the customer; it typically involves reviews and meetings to evaluate documents, plans, code, requirements and specifications; this can be done with checklists, issues lists, walkthroughs and inspection meetings. Q17. What is Validation? Ans. Validation ensures that functionality, as defined in requirements, is the intended behavior of the product; validation typically involves actual testing and takes place after verifications are completed. Q18. What is a Test Plan? Ans. A software project test plan is a document that describes the objectives, scope, approach and focus of a software testing effort. The process of preparing a test plan is a useful way to think through the efforts needed to validate the acceptability of a software product. The completed document will help people outside the test group understand the why and how of product validation. It should be thorough enough to be useful, but not so thorough that none outside the test group will be able to read it. Q19. What is a Walkthrough? Ans. A walkthrough is an informal meeting for evaluation or informational purposes. A walkthrough is also a process at an abstract level. It’s the process of inspecting software code by following paths through the code (as determined by input conditions and choices made along the way). The purpose of code walkthroughs is to ensure the code fits the purpose. Walkthroughs also offer opportunities to assess an individual’s or team’s competency. Q20. What is Software Life Cycle? Ans. Software life cycle begins when a software product is first conceived and ends when it is no longer in use. It includes phases like initial concept, requirements analysis, functional design, internal design, documentation planning, test planning, coding, document preparation, integration, testing, maintenance, updates, re-testing and phase-ou Q21. What is the Difference between STLC SDLC? Ans. STLC means † Software Testing Life Cycle†. It starts with activities like : 1) Preparation of Requirements Document 2) Preparation of Test Plan 3) Preparation of Test Cases 4) Execution of Test Cases 5) Analysis of Bugs 6) Reporting of Bugs 7) Tracking of Bugs till closure. Whereas SDLC means † Software Development Life Cycle† is a software development process, used by a systems analyst to develop an information system. It starts with activities like : 1) Project Initiation 2) Requirement Gathering and Documenting 3) Designing 4) Coding and Unit Testing 5) Integration Testing 6) System Testing 7) Installation and Acceptance Testing 8) Support or Maintenance Q22. What is the Difference between Project and Product Testing? Ans. If any organization is developing the application according to the client specification then it is called as project. Accordingly its testing is known as â€Å"Project Testing† Whereas If any organization is developing the application and marketing it is called as product. Hence its testing is known as â€Å"Product Testing† Q23. How do you introduce a new software QA process? Ans. It depends on the size of the organization and the risks involved. For large organizations with high-risk projects, a serious management buy-in is required and a formalized QA process is necessary. For medium size organizations with lower risk projects, management and organizational buy-in and a slower, step-by-step process is required. Generally speaking, QA processes should be balanced with productivity, in order to keep any bureaucracy from getting out of hand. For smaller groups or projects, an ad-hoc process is more appropriate. A lot depends on team leads and managers, feedback to developers and good communication is essential among customers, managers, developers, test engineers and testers. Regardless the size of the company, the greatest value for effort is in managing requirement processes, where the goal is requirements that are clear, complete and testable. Q24. What is configuration Management? Ans. Configuration Management (or CM) is the processes of controlling, coordinating and tracking the Standards and procedures for managing changes in an evolving software product. Configuration Testing is the process of checking the operation of the software being tested on various types of hardware. Q25. What is the role of QA in a software producing company? Ans. QA is responsible for managing, implementing, maintaining and continuously improving the Processes in the Company and enable internal projects towards process maturity and facilitate process improvements and innovations in the organization. Tester is responsible for carrying out the testing efforts in the company. In many companies QA person is responsible both the roles of Testing as well as creating and improving the processes. Q26. What is Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)? Ans. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis is a systematic approach to risk identification and analysis of identifying possible modes of failure and attempting to prevent their occurrence. Q27. What is Test Maturity Model or TMM? Ans. Test Maturity Model or TMM is a five level staged framework for test process improvement, related to the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) that describes the key elements of an effective test process. Q28. What is the difference between API ABI? Ans. Application Programming Interface (API) is a formalized set of software calls and routines that can be referenced by an application program in order to access supporting system or network services. Whereas Application Binary Interface (ABI) is a specification defining requirements for portability of applications in binary forms across different system platforms and environments. Q29. What is I V V? Ans. I V V means Independent Verification and Validation. Verification typically involves reviews and meetings to evaluate documents, plans, code, requirements, and specifications. Verification can be done with the help of checklists, issues lists, walkthroughs, and inspection meetings. Whereas Validation typically involves actual testing and takes place after verifications are completed. Q30. What are the benefits of Software Validation? Ans. Software validation is an important tool employed to assure the quality of the software products. Few benefits are as under: 1) It increases the usability and reliability of the device software, resulting in reduced failure rates, less recalls and corrective actions, less liability to device manufacturers. 2) It reduces the long term costs by making it easier and less costly to reliably modify software and revalidate software changes. 3) It helps to reduce the long-term cost of software by reducing the cost of validation for each subsequent release of the software. Q31. What is the role of Design Reviews in Software Development Life Cycle? Ans. Design review is a primary tool for managing and evaluating software development projects. Design reviews allow management to confirm that all goals defined in the software validation plan have been achieved. Formal design reviews are more structured and include participation from others outside the development team. Design reviews are documented, comprehensive, and systematic examinations of a design to evaluate the adequacy of the design requirements, to evaluate the capability of the design to meet these requirements, and to identify problems. Design reviews include examination of development plans, requirements specifications, design specifications, testing plans and procedures, all other documents and activities associated with the project. Q32. What is the need of Software Validation after a change? Ans. When any change even a small one is made to the software, following activities need to be performed: 1) Re-establishment of the validation status of the software. 2) Conducting necessary validation analysis – not for the sake of validation of the individual change, but o to know the effect of the change on the entire software system. ) Conducting suitable level of regression testing to show that unchanged but vulnerable portions of the system have not been adversely affected. Regression testing is meant to provide a confidence that the software has been validated after the change. Q33. How would you convince upper management that company needs a formal QA testing team? How would you explain that Software quality would not improve if the company get rid of QA team? Ans. Developing amazing applications isn’t the same as testing them, ut a experienced QA tester, I would rather have a developers testing application than the testers who can just plainly submit bug reports. QA team needs to build quality into software development life cycle. The bug in software design is 15times cheaper than a bug in code. QA productivity is really hard to measure. If QA team is doing testing right, , everything just happens smoothly, but if testers mess up even a little, everyone knows about it. To be successful, QA team must create test plans, create test harnesses, create test cases and use testing tools. QA should ensure whether the application code is effectively delivering on the business requirements provided. The developers should unit test their own code and deliver ‘perfectly good code’ , while QA testers should deliver ‘code that actually addresses business needs’. For a company that make software applications, a rock-solid QA department is absolutely irreplaceable. Q34. WhatQuality Assurance and Quality Control activities are done differently for COTS / GOTS project than for a traditional custom development project? | Ans. The activities themselves are broadly the same, but with different stakeholders, and different detailed procedures for verification and validation. Often the challenge for SQA is to pin down the ownership of the requirements, which may be represented by a complex debate between marketing departments, technical eggheads, user groups, customer focus groups and other interested parties. | | Q35. What in your opinion is the role of SQA personnel with respect to inspections or testing? | Ans. Formally, the role is to make the inspection process or testing process visible, both to the participants (so they can see what they are achieving, how effective they are being) and to management (so that they can assess progress and risk). In practice, SQA personnel often need to act as facilitators or coaches. They are often regarded (wrongly) as the owners or custodians of the inspection or testing process, or even as the owners/custodians of the whole software process. Part of the training and mentoring for SQA personnel should address the difficult dilemma of how to be adequately engaged in the software process without being landed with the responsibility for it. | | Q36. What are the most likely quality consequences of choosing an inappropriate life cycle model for a software project? | Ans. The most likely consequence is that the project will not deliver anything at all. Not because the lifecycle couldn? t be made to work technically, but because it will fail to contain the political tensions between stakeholders. | | Q37. What in your opinion, are the most important changes that occurred in the role of Software Quality Assurance during the last 5 to 10 years? Ho| Ans. rowing awareness and importance of public domain models such as SEI SW CMM, BOOTSTRAP and SPICE. Changing nature of software development, especially model-based development (CASE) and component-based development (CBD). Growing need to connect software of different ages and sources. Software projects not pure software development, but including maintenance, package selection and implementation, and other software activities. (Perhaps software projects never were pure development, but such topics as project management, quality management and configuration management used to be taught as if they were. )   Faced with these changes, SQA needs to be both reductionist (giving close attention to the quality of components from various sources) and holistic (giving broad attention to the emergent properties of the whole assembled system, in terms of its overall fit to business requirements). As I see it, the mandate of SQA is to make defects in software products and processes visible to management. SQA fits into a context of software quality management where this visibility leads to corrective and preventative action (not itself part of SQA), and to general software process improvement. | Q38. Someone complains that during system testing the application often crashes. What likely process problem does that indicate? | Ans. Systematic failure to carry out proper unit testing. OR inconsistency between the development/unit test environment and the system test environment. AND ALSO management failure to respond promptly to the situation with corrective and preventative action. | | Q39. What exposure have you had to auditing? Internal? External? Certification related? | Ans. I have been trained as a lead assessor for ISO 9000 and also as an examiner for the European Quality Award. I have conducted internal audits and informal external assessments but not formal external audits. I have advised organizations on steps towards certification. | Q40. What in your opinion are the most significant fundamental differences between SEI SW-CMM and ISO 9000-3? | Ans. The main difference is what the two models tell you. ISO 9000-3 gives you a yes/no answer, whereas SEI SW-CMM gives you a more complex assessment. This implies different ways of using the models for SQA and process improvement. | 1. Difference is ISO is a standard and CMMI is a model with framework. 2. Other one is Specific practices should be determinded in ISO and where as CMMI model having predefined useful specific and general practices. | Q41. In your experience, who are the most important allies of SQA within an organization? | Ans. SQA is a form of risk awareness, and is therefore potentially allied to any senior management with a risk management focus. Within some companies/industries (e. g. insurance), software risks are seen as having mainly financial consequences, and so the main ally might be the financial director. Within other companies/industries (e. g. retail), software risks are seen as having mainly customer service implications, and so the main allies may be in marketing roles. In one client, we had useful conversations with the Company Secretariat, because of the due diligence implications of some software risks. These conversations were triggered by Y2K issues, but ranged much more widely. In practice, SQA often fails to make these alliances, because it gets bogged down in obscure software technicalities and trivialities, which it is incapable of communicating effectively even to software engineers, let alone anybody else. | Q42. A company recruits its first and only SQA â€Å"specialist†. The person is new to the area. The company is relatively young, operates in a competitive commercial domain and has no previous SQA presence. The SQA specialist feels he needs to show some results during the next 6 to 9 months. What advice will you give him? | Ans. Start with a risk assessment, to identify the significant software risks and their business implications. Identify managers directly affected by these implications, who may be recruited as allies. Select a small number of issues to address in the initial phase. Try to include some quick wins, as well as some improvements that could be achieved within 3-6 months. Don? t try to do everything at once. At this stage, use whichever model you prefer (ISO 9000-3 or TickIT or SW-CMM or SPICE) merely as a framework, so that you know how what you? re doing fits into a larger picture. | Q43. What advice would you give to someone who asked you where to start to introduce to their company a metrics and quality reporting program? | Ans. Use the GQM approach to derive relevant metrics from personal and corporate goals. Select a small number of key metrics that will be directly relevant to project managers and/or software engineers. Put the metrics into the hands of the workers, as a tool for personal performance improvement. | | | | Q44. What is Total Quality Management? Ans. A company commitment to develop a process that achieves high quality product and customer satisfaction. Q45. What is Quality Circle? Ans. A group of individuals with related interests that meet at regular intervals to consider problems or other matters related to the quality of outputs of a process and to the correction of problems or to the improvement of quality. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | How to cite Quality Assurance Question Bank, Papers